Brown David M, Zhang Yun, Scheuermann Richard H
Department of Synthetic Biology, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
Department of Informatics, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Microorganisms. 2020 Nov 25;8(12):1856. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8121856.
Enteroviruses (EVs) are positive-sense RNA viruses, with over 50,000 nucleotide sequences publicly available. While most human infections are typically associated with mild respiratory symptoms, several different EV types have also been associated with severe human disease, especially acute flaccid paralysis (AFP), particularly with endemic members of the EV-B species and two pandemic types-EV-A71 and EV-D68-that appear to be responsible for recent widespread outbreaks. Here we review the recent literature on the prevalence, characteristics, and circulation dynamics of different enterovirus types and combine this with an analysis of the sequence coverage of different EV types in public databases (e.g., the Virus Pathogen Resource). This evaluation reveals temporal and geographic differences in EV circulation and sequence distribution, highlighting recent EV outbreaks and revealing gaps in sequence coverage. Phylogenetic analysis of the EV genus shows the relatedness of different EV types. Recombination analysis of the EV-A species provides evidence for recombination as a mechanism of genomic diversification. The absence of broadly protective vaccines and effective antivirals makes human enteroviruses important pathogens of public health concern.
肠道病毒（EVs）是正链RNA病毒，有超过50000个核苷酸序列可供公开获取。虽然大多数人类感染通常与轻微呼吸道症状相关，但几种不同的EV类型也与严重的人类疾病有关，尤其是急性弛缓性麻痹（AFP），特别是与EV-B种的地方性成员以及两种大流行类型——EV-A71和EV-D68有关，它们似乎是近期广泛暴发的原因。在此，我们综述了关于不同肠道病毒类型的流行率、特征和传播动态的最新文献，并将其与公共数据库（如病毒病原体资源库）中不同EV类型的序列覆盖情况分析相结合。该评估揭示了EV传播和序列分布的时间和地理差异，突出了近期的EV暴发，并揭示了序列覆盖方面的差距。对EV属的系统发育分析显示了不同EV类型之间的亲缘关系。对EV-A种的重组分析为重组作为基因组多样化机制提供了证据。缺乏广泛保护性疫苗和有效的抗病毒药物使得人类肠道病毒成为公共卫生关注的重要病原体。
