Institute of Nutritional Science, Justus Liebig University, Goethestr. 55, D-35390 Giessen, Germany.
Interdisciplinary Research Center for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition (IFZ), Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
Nutrients. 2020 Nov 25;12(12):3626. doi: 10.3390/nu12123626.
This prospective study investigates age-dependent changes in anthropometric data and body composition over a period of two decades in consideration of physical activity and diet in community-dwelling subjects ≥60 years. Overall, 401 subjects with median follow-up time of 12 years were examined. Fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) were analyzed using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Physical activity was assessed via a self-administered questionnaire. Dietary intake was examined by 3-day dietary records. Linear mixed-effects models were used to analyze the influence of age, sex, physical activity and energy/protein intake on anthropometric data and body composition by considering year of entry, use of diuretics and diagnosis of selected diseases. At baseline, median values for daily energy and protein intakes were 8.5 megajoule and 81 g and physical activity index was 1.7. After adjusting for covariates, advancing age was associated with parabolic changes indicating overall changes from age 60 to 90 years in women and men in body mass: -4.7 kg, -5.0 kg; body mass index: +0.04 kg/m, -0.33 kg/m; absolute FFM: -2.8 kg, -3.5 kg; absolute FM: -1.8 kg, -1.2 kg and waist circumference: +16 cm, +12 cm, respectively. No age-dependent changes were found for upper arm circumference and relative (%) FFM. Dietary and lifestyle factors were not associated with changes in anthropometric or body composition parameters. In summary, the results indicate non-linear age-dependent changes in anthropometric data and body composition, which are largely unaffected by the degree of habitual physical activity and dietary protein intake in well-nourished community-dwelling subjects.
本前瞻性研究调查了≥60 岁的社区居民中，在考虑到体力活动和饮食的情况下，二十年期间人体测量数据和身体成分的年龄相关变化。共有 401 名中位随访时间为 12 年的受试者接受了检查。使用生物电阻抗分析来分析无脂肪质量 (FFM) 和脂肪质量 (FM)。通过自我管理问卷评估体力活动。通过 3 天的饮食记录来检查饮食摄入。线性混合效应模型用于分析年龄、性别、体力活动和能量/蛋白质摄入对人体测量数据和身体成分的影响，同时考虑进入研究的年份、利尿剂的使用和选定疾病的诊断。在基线时，每日能量和蛋白质摄入量的中位数分别为 8.5 兆焦耳和 81 克，体力活动指数为 1.7。在调整了协变量后，随着年龄的增长，与抛物线变化相关，表明女性和男性的身体质量从 60 岁到 90 岁总体变化为：-4.7 公斤，-5.0 公斤；体重指数：+0.04 公斤/米，-0.33 公斤/米；绝对 FFM：-2.8 公斤，-3.5 公斤；绝对 FM：-1.8 公斤，-1.2 公斤和腰围：+16 厘米，+12 厘米，分别。上臂周长和相对 (%)FFM 没有发现与年龄相关的变化。饮食和生活方式因素与人体测量或身体成分参数的变化无关。总之，结果表明，在营养良好的社区居民中，人体测量数据和身体成分存在非线性的年龄相关变化，这在很大程度上不受习惯性体力活动和饮食蛋白质摄入程度的影响。
