Gardiner Gillian E, Metzler-Zebeli Barbara U, Lawlor Peadar G
Department of Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, X91 K0EK Co. Waterford, Ireland.
Unit Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
Microorganisms. 2020 Nov 28;8(12):1886. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8121886.
This review summarises the evidence for a link between the porcine intestinal microbiota and growth and feed efficiency (FE), and suggests microbiota-targeted strategies to improve productivity. However, there are challenges in identifying reliable microbial predictors of host phenotype; environmental factors impact the microbe-host interplay, sequential differences along the intestine result in segment-specific FE- and growth-associated taxa/functionality, and it is often difficult to distinguish cause and effect. However, bacterial taxa involved in nutrient processing and energy harvest, and those with anti-inflammatory effects, are consistently linked with improved productivity. In particular, evidence is emerging for an association of and methanogens such as in the small and large intestines and in the large intestine with a leaner phenotype and/or improved FE. Bacterial carbohydrate and/or lipid metabolism pathways are also generally enriched in the large intestine of leaner pigs and/or those with better growth/FE. Possible microbial signalling routes linked to superior growth and FE include increased intestinal propionate production and reduced inflammatory response. In summary, the bacterial taxa and/or metabolic pathways identified here could be used as biomarkers for FE/growth in pigs, the taxa exploited as probiotics or the taxa/functionality manipulated via dietary/breeding strategies in order to improve productivity in pigs.
本综述总结了猪肠道微生物群与生长及饲料效率（FE）之间联系的证据，并提出了以微生物群为靶点提高生产性能的策略。然而，在确定宿主表型的可靠微生物预测指标方面存在挑战；环境因素会影响微生物与宿主的相互作用，肠道不同部位的序列差异导致特定节段与FE及生长相关的分类群/功能存在差异，而且往往难以区分因果关系。然而，参与营养物质加工和能量获取的细菌分类群以及具有抗炎作用的细菌分类群，始终与提高生产性能相关。特别是，越来越多的证据表明，小肠和大肠中的[具体细菌名称1]以及大肠中的产甲烷菌如[具体细菌名称2]与更瘦的表型和/或改善的FE有关。在更瘦的猪和/或生长/FE更好的猪的大肠中，细菌碳水化合物和/或脂质代谢途径通常也更为丰富。与卓越生长和FE相关的可能微生物信号传导途径包括肠道丙酸产量增加和炎症反应减少。总之，本文确定的细菌分类群和/或代谢途径可作为猪FE/生长的生物标志物，这些分类群可作为益生菌加以利用，或通过饮食/育种策略对这些分类群/功能进行调控，以提高猪的生产性能。
