Pinazo-Clapés Carolina, Pinazo-Hernandis Sacramento, Sales Alicia
Faculty of Psychology, European University, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Nov 28;17(23):8845. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17238845.
This pilot study aims to analyze the effectiveness of a type of non-pharmacological intervention such as the educating and training of professional caregivers on behavioral alterations and prescription of psychotropic drugs of older adults in nursing homes. One hundred and forty-five people from two nursing homes were randomized to either treatment (educational training program for healthcare professionals) or a no-treatment group. Twenty-two professional caregivers in the experimental group received 20 h of a training program. Five data collection points were collected (pre and post, and three follow-ups, all six months apart). Intervention consisted of the behavioral alterations and psychopharmacological treatment. The analysis of variance for repeated measures showed significant differences in the time-group interaction for the educational program's effectiveness in reducing behavior alterations and psycho-pharmaceuticals' record. The results show that an improvement in the educating and training of professional caregivers can reduce behavioral alterations (F3,407 = 9.29, < 0.001, η= 0.063) and prescription of psychotropic drugs (F2,10 = 18.90, < 0.001, η = 0.117). In addition, these effects are maintained over time. Educating health professionals on ways to care for residents who present behavioral alterations may be one alternative for improving the quality of care that residents receive. Non-pharmacological interventions, besides being individualized and adapted to the needs and experiences of individuals, achieve effects that last longer at low cost. An educational program shows new alternatives to pharmacological intervention, achieving a reduction in behavioral alterations without the costs and effects that psychopharmaceuticals entail.
这项试点研究旨在分析一种非药物干预措施的有效性，例如对专业护理人员进行教育培训，以改善养老院老年人的行为改变并减少精神药物的处方。来自两家养老院的145人被随机分为治疗组（针对医护人员的教育培训项目）和非治疗组。实验组的22名专业护理人员接受了20小时的培训项目。共收集了五个数据点（治疗前、治疗后以及三次随访，每次间隔六个月）。干预措施包括行为改变和心理药物治疗。重复测量方差分析显示，在减少行为改变和心理药物记录方面，教育项目的有效性在时间-组交互作用上存在显著差异。结果表明，专业护理人员教育培训的改善可以减少行为改变（F3,407 = 9.29，P < 0.001，η = 0.063）以及精神药物的处方（F2,10 = 18.90，P < 0.001，η = 0.117）。此外，这些效果会随着时间持续存在。对医护人员进行照顾有行为改变居民方法的培训，可能是提高居民所接受护理质量的一种选择。非药物干预措施除了具有个性化并能适应个体需求和经历外，还能以低成本实现更持久的效果。一个教育项目为药物干预提供了新的选择，在不产生精神药物的成本和副作用的情况下减少行为改变。
