Institute of Environmental Sciences, Bogazici University, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey.
Institute of Environmental Sciences, Bogazici University, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Mar 1;758:143656. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143656. Epub 2020 Nov 20.
Ergene River is heavily utilized for irrigation of fields to grow the main stocks of rice, wheat, and sunflower of Turkey also exported to Europe; therefore, monitoring the river's water quality is crucial for public health. Although the river quality is routinely monitored, the evaluation of pollution based on micropollutants is limited. In this study, we measured 222 organic micropollutants in 300 samples collected from 75 different locations on the Ergene River between August 2017 and May 2018 using direct injection liquid chromatography-tandem spectrometry with optimized scheduled multiple reaction monitoring. In total, 165 micropollutants were detected at a range of concentrations between 1.90 ng/L and 1824.55 μg/L. Sixty-three chemical substances were recurrent micropollutants that were detected at least one location in all seasons. Among them, 41 chemical substances were identified as the core micropollutants of the Ergene River using data-driven clustering methods. Hexa(methoxymethyl)melamine, benzotriazoles, and benzalkonium chlorides were frequently detected core micropollutants with an industrial origin. Besides, diuron, carbendazim, and cadusafos were common pesticides in the river. Core micropollutants were further categorized based on their type of source and environmental behavior using Kurtosis of concentration and load data obtained for each micropollutant. As a result, the majority of the core micropollutants are recalcitrant chemicals either released from a specific source located upstream of the river or have urban and agricultural sources dispersed on the watershed. In this study, we assessed the current state of pollution in the Ergene River at the micropollutant level with a very high spatial resolution and developed a statistical approach to categorize micropollutants that can be used to monitor the extent of pollution and track pollution sources in the river.
额尔哲河被大量用于灌溉农田，以种植土耳其向欧洲出口的主要水稻、小麦和向日葵品种；因此，监测该河流的水质对公众健康至关重要。尽管经常对该河的水质进行监测，但基于微量污染物的污染评估是有限的。在这项研究中，我们使用直接注入液相色谱-串联质谱法，结合优化的定时多反应监测，在 2017 年 8 月至 2018 年 5 月期间，从额尔哲河 75 个不同地点采集的 300 个样本中测量了 222 种有机微量污染物。在总共检测到的 165 种微量污染物中，浓度范围在 1.90ng/L 至 1824.55μg/L 之间。63 种化学物质是反复出现的微量污染物，在所有季节的至少一个地点都有检测到。其中，41 种化学物质被确定为额尔哲河的核心微量污染物，采用数据驱动的聚类方法。六亚甲基双（甲氧基甲基）三聚氰胺、苯并三唑和苯扎氯铵是经常检测到的具有工业来源的核心微量污染物。此外，在河水中还发现了敌草隆、多菌灵和克百威等常见农药。根据每种微量污染物的浓度和负荷数据的峰度，进一步根据其来源类型和环境行为对核心微量污染物进行分类。结果表明，大多数核心微量污染物是要么来自河流上游特定来源的难降解化学物质，要么是在流域内分散的城市和农业来源的化学物质。在这项研究中，我们以非常高的空间分辨率评估了额尔哲河在微量污染物水平上的污染状况，并开发了一种统计方法来对微量污染物进行分类，可用于监测河流的污染程度和追踪污染源。
