Sodium Butyrate Ameliorates Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Lupus-Like Mice.

Gut microbiota has a strong influence on the onset and development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and several studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of microbiota-derived butyrate to ameliorate SLE. However, the roles of butyrate on gut microbiota in SLE are not understood. Using MRL/lpr lupus-prone mice, we examined gut microbiota profiles after butyrate treatment by 16S rRNA sequencing. Alterations in intestinal microbiome in mice with lupus-like disease were mainly characterized by a reduction in microbial diversity, with an increased abundance of Bacteroidetes and a decrease of Firmicutes. Treatment of lupus-prone mice with butyrate resulted in increased abundance of Firmicutes ( = 0.003), Clostridia ( = 0.005), Clostridiales ( = 0.005), ( = 0.009), ( = 0.021), ( = 0.021), ( = 0.016), ( = 0.048), ( = 0.025), ( = 0.012), ( = 0.015), ( = 0.011), ( < 0.05), and . ( = 0.019), and a reduced proportion of Bacteroidetes ( = 0.004), Bacteroidia ( = 0.004), and Bacteroidales ( = 0.004). Further, butyrate supplementation could ameliorate kidney damage. Overall, this study suggests that gut microbiota alterations occur in MRL/lpr lupus-prone mice following treatment with butyrate. Butyrate supplementation ameliorated gut microbiota dysbiosis. These findings support the use of butyrate and butyrate-producing bacteria as potential treatments for SLE.