Rubbi Ivan, Pasquinelli Gianandrea, Brighenti Aura, Fanelli Marcella, Gualandi Patrizia, Nanni Eleonora, D'Antoni Viviana, Fabbri Cristina
Corso di Laurea in Infermieristica Università di Bologna - Faenza.
Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna,Italy.
Acta Biomed. 2020 Nov 30;91(12-S):e2020012. doi: 10.23750/abm.v91i12-S.10814.
COVID-19 is characterized by super spread events occurring in communities, e.g., hospitals. To limit virus diffusion among healthcare workers the use of personal protective equipment and screening tests are highly advised; also, isolation of virus positive professionals while monitoring their health condition is recommended. This study aims to assess, in a cohort of COVID-19 positive quarantined healthcare workers, the perceived source of infection and exposure risk as well as the clinical evolution of the disease through a surveillance interview.
A retrospective observational study accounting 896 observations on 93 healthcare professionals tested positive for COVID-19. Data were collected from the Nursing and Technical Directorate of Romagna, Ravenna, Local Health Company, Italy.
99.5% of the positive workers accepted phone interviews with management staff. 2.6% of workers were positive with increasing records in the specialist medical area. Nurses and social health professionals were mostly affected. Patient exposure at a distance <1 m and a contact time > 2 hours was the first cause of positivity. In COVID-19 and territorial emergency departments, the first cause was the contact with colleagues. At the time of the infection, most of the staff wore a surgical mask. Cough, asthenia, fever, anosmia, dysgeusia, and rhinitis were common symptoms. Asymptomatic percentage was about 10%. The self-perceived physical condition was high (>7) and improved during the observation period.
The diffusion rate of COVID-19 among healthcare workers is relatively low, probably due to the use of personal protective equipment. The distancing, also among colleagues, is a fundamental measure to reduce the possibility of infection. Symptoms are mild and can be controlled by surveillance measures. Constant contact with the organization is an essential strategy for promoting recovering of workers and reducing the spread of the virus within the healthcare organization.
新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）的特点是在社区（如医院）发生超级传播事件。为限制病毒在医护人员中传播，强烈建议使用个人防护装备并进行筛查检测；此外，建议对病毒检测呈阳性的专业人员进行隔离，同时监测其健康状况。本研究旨在通过一项监测访谈，评估一组COVID-19检测呈阳性且处于隔离状态的医护人员的感染源和暴露风险感知，以及疾病的临床演变情况。
一项回顾性观察性研究，对93名COVID-19检测呈阳性的医护人员进行了896次观察。数据收集自意大利拉文纳罗马涅地方卫生公司护理与技术管理部门。
99.5%的阳性工作人员接受了管理人员的电话访谈。2.6%的工作人员在专科医疗领域的记录呈上升趋势。护士和社会卫生专业人员受影响最大。距离<1米且接触时间>2小时的患者暴露是阳性的首要原因。在COVID-19和地区急诊科，首要原因是与同事接触。感染时，大多数工作人员佩戴外科口罩。咳嗽、乏力、发热、嗅觉丧失、味觉障碍和鼻炎是常见症状。无症状比例约为10%。自我感知的身体状况良好（>7），且在观察期内有所改善。
COVID-19在医护人员中的传播率相对较低，可能是由于使用了个人防护装备。保持社交距离，包括同事之间，是降低感染可能性的基本措施。症状较轻，可通过监测措施加以控制。与组织保持持续联系是促进工作人员康复和减少病毒在医疗机构内传播的重要策略。
