Nozais J P
Département de parasitologie, médecine tropicale, Groupe hospitalier Pitiée-Salpêtrière.
Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales. 1987;80(4):704-12.
Madagascar had been separated from african continent since 5 millions years and, if flora and fauna are endemic (40 species of lemuriens) all of parasites and humans populations are imported, from africa with respect to P. falciparum, P. malariae, S. mansoni and S. haematobium (but snails are endemic ), Fasciola gigantica (imported with zebus) and perhaps P. vivax, and from Asia with respect to W. bancrofti, N. americanus, C. cellulosae (imported with pigs) and perhaps P. vivax, chromoblastomycosis is autochthonous and of high frequency. Malagasy were natives of Indonesia, Africa, Arabia and Europe.
