Jinwoo Lee
Department of Mathematics, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Seoul 01897, Korea.
Entropy (Basel). 2019 May 7;21(5):477. doi: 10.3390/e21050477.
Fluctuation theorems are a class of equalities that express universal properties of the probability distribution of a fluctuating path functional such as heat, work or entropy production over an ensemble of trajectories during a non-equilibrium process with a well-defined initial distribution. Jinwoo and Tanaka (Jinwoo, L.; Tanaka, H. , , 7832) have shown that work fluctuation theorems hold even within an ensemble of paths to each state, making it clear that entropy and free energy of each microstate encode heat and work, respectively, within the conditioned set. Here we show that information that is characterized by the point-wise mutual information for each correlated state between two subsystems in a heat bath encodes the entropy production of the subsystems and heat bath during a coupling process. To this end, we extend the fluctuation theorem of information exchange (Sagawa, T.; Ueda, M. , , 180602) by showing that the fluctuation theorem holds even within an ensemble of paths that reach a correlated state during dynamic co-evolution of two subsystems.
涨落定理是一类等式，用于表达在具有明确初始分布的非平衡过程中，涨落路径泛函（如热量、功或熵产生）在一组轨迹上的概率分布的普遍性质。Jinwoo和Tanaka（Jinwoo, L.; Tanaka, H.,, 7832）已经表明，功涨落定理甚至在通向每个状态的路径集合内也成立，这清楚地表明每个微观状态的熵和自由能分别在条件集内编码热量和功。在这里，我们表明，由热浴中两个子系统之间每个相关状态的逐点互信息所表征的信息，在耦合过程中编码了子系统和热浴的熵产生。为此，我们扩展了信息交换涨落定理（Sagawa, T.; Ueda, M.,, 180602），表明该涨落定理在两个子系统动态共同演化过程中达到相关状态的路径集合内也成立。
