Sehgal Rutika, Gupta Reena
Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summerhill, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh 171011 India.
3 Biotech. 2020 Dec;10(12):549. doi: 10.1007/s13205-020-02550-5. Epub 2020 Nov 24.
Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is the most promising solution to major ecological problem of plastic accumulation. The biodegradable and biocompatible properties of PHA make it highly demanding in the biomedical and agricultural field. The limited market share of PHA industries despite having tremendous demand as concerned with environment has led to knock the doors of scientific research for finding ways for the economic production of PHA. Therefore, new methods of its production have been applied such as using a wide variety of feedstock like organic wastes and modifying PHA synthesizing enzyme at molecular level. Modifying metabolic pathways for PHA production using new emerging techniques like CRISPR/Cas9 technology has simplified the process spending less amount of time. Using green solvents under pressurized conditions, ionic liquids, supercritical solvents, hypotonic cell disintegration for release of PHA granules, switchable anionic surfactants and even digestion of non-PHA biomass by animals are some novel strategies for PHA recovery which play an important role in sustainable production of PHA. Hence, this review provides a view of recent applications, significance of PHA and new methods used for its production which are missing in the available literature.
聚羟基脂肪酸酯（PHA）是解决塑料堆积这一重大生态问题最具前景的解决方案。PHA的生物可降解性和生物相容性使其在生物医学和农业领域有很高的需求。尽管PHA行业在环境方面有巨大需求，但其市场份额有限，这促使人们叩响科研之门，寻找PHA经济生产的方法。因此，人们应用了新的生产方法，如使用各种有机废物等原料，并在分子水平上改造PHA合成酶。利用CRISPR/Cas9技术等新兴技术改造PHA生产的代谢途径，简化了生产过程，节省了时间。在加压条件下使用绿色溶剂、离子液体、超临界溶剂、低渗细胞破碎以释放PHA颗粒、可切换阴离子表面活性剂，甚至利用动物消化非PHA生物质，这些都是PHA回收的新策略，对PHA的可持续生产起着重要作用。因此，本综述提供了PHA的近期应用、重要性以及现有文献中未提及的新生产方法的相关观点。
