Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania -
Department of Health Promotion and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania -
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2021 Jun;61(6):867-873. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.20.11352-5. Epub 2020 Dec 3.
Limited and contradictory data are available regarding the acute effects of endurance exercises on cognition and retinal microcirculation. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the acute effects of sport-specific high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on cognition and retinal vessel diameters in experienced amateur boxers.
Eleven young (age 22.8±2.9 years) men with 10.7±4.8 years of boxing experience completed two sessions in random order: high-intensity intermittent punching load and passive rest. Cardiovascular response, retinal vessel diameters, and cognitive performance were evaluated at baseline, during exercise, and immediately after each session.
Increased heart rate during intermittent punching load (P<0.05) reaching 91.2±3.7% of the maximal heart rate was observed. The HIIT improved cognitive flexibility and inhibitory control (P<0.05), while the working memory and motor speed were not affected. Significant dilatation of temporal retinal venules (P<0.05) was observed after the HIIT compared with the values before the HIIT, resulting in a decreased arteriolar-to-venular diameter ratio (P<0.05).
At the functional level, an improvement in executive function due to intermittent high intensity punching load was observed, while at the physiological level, retinal venular dilatation was observed in experienced amateur boxers.
关于耐力运动对认知和视网膜微循环的急性影响，目前的数据有限且相互矛盾。因此，我们旨在评估特定于运动的高强度间歇训练（HIIT）对有经验的业余拳击手的认知和视网膜血管直径的急性影响。
11 名年轻男性（年龄 22.8±2.9 岁），具有 10.7±4.8 年的拳击经验，随机完成了两次试验：高强度间歇性拳击负荷和被动休息。在基线、运动期间和每次试验后立即评估心血管反应、视网膜血管直径和认知表现。
间歇性拳击负荷期间心率增加（P<0.05），达到最大心率的 91.2±3.7%。HIIT 提高了认知灵活性和抑制控制（P<0.05），而工作记忆和运动速度不受影响。与 HIIT 前相比，HIIT 后颞侧视网膜小静脉明显扩张（P<0.05），导致动静脉直径比降低（P<0.05）。
在功能水平上，间歇性高强度拳击负荷导致执行功能的改善，而在生理水平上，观察到经验丰富的业余拳击手视网膜小静脉扩张。
