Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Synergy Innovation Institute of GDUT, Shantou, 515100, China.
Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
Environ Pollut. 2021 Jan 15;269:116123. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116123. Epub 2020 Nov 22.
Interest in the potential human health of semi-volatile organic chemicals (SVOCs) in indoor and outdoor environments has made the exposure assessment and source appointment a priority. In this study, paired indoor and outdoor atmospheric fine particle (PM) samples were collected from 15 homes representing five typical urban cities in southern China. Four typical SVOCs, including 16 congeners of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 13 congeners of organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) and 8 congeners of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), as well as tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and its three debrominated congeners were analyzed. The highest total concentrations were found for OPFRs, followed by PAHs, PBDEs, and TBBPA. The indoor concentrations of two alkyl-OPFR isomers, tributylphosphate (TBP) and tris (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP), were 4.3 and 11 times higher, respectively, than those of outdoors (p < 0.05). Additionally, the ratios of indoor to outdoor concentrations of alkyl-OPFR isomers varied greatly, suggesting that these compounds originated mainly from different household goods and products used in individual homes. The outdoor concentrations of PAHs and highly brominated PBDEs (BDE-209) typically exceeded the indoor concentrations. Significant correlations were also found between indoor and outdoor PM samples for PAHs and BDE-209, indicating that outdoor sources such as vehicle exhausts and industrial activities strongly influence their atmospheric occurrence. Additionally, the concentrations of debrominated TBBPA derivatives were higher than those of TBBPA in over 33% of both indoor and outdoor air particle samples. Nevertheless, our results indicated that inhalation exposure to typical SVOCs posed no non-carcinogenic risks to the human body. Although we observed notable differences in the sources, occurrences, and distributions of typical SVOC congeners, more studies using matched samples are still needed to unambiguously identify important indoor and outdoor sources in order to accurately assess the contributions of different sources and the associated human exposure risks.
人们对室内和室外环境中半挥发性有机化合物（SVOCs）对人体健康的潜在影响产生了浓厚兴趣，这使得暴露评估和污染源识别成为当务之急。本研究采集了来自中国南方五个典型城市的 15 户家庭的室内外大气细颗粒物（PM）进行配对采样。分析了四种典型的 SVOCs，包括 16 种多环芳烃（PAHs）、13 种有机磷阻燃剂（OPFRs）和 8 种多溴二苯醚（PBDEs），以及四溴双酚 A（TBBPA）及其三种脱溴同系物。结果表明，OPFRs 的总浓度最高，其次是 PAHs、PBDEs 和 TBBPA。两种烷基-OPFR 异构体，磷酸三丁酯（TBP）和磷酸三（2-丁氧基乙基）酯（TBEP）的室内浓度分别比室外高 4.3 倍和 11 倍（p<0.05）。此外，烷基-OPFR 异构体的室内浓度与室外浓度比值差异较大，表明这些化合物主要来源于不同家庭的各种家用商品和产品。PAHs 和高溴代 PBDEs（BDE-209）的室外浓度通常高于室内浓度。PAHs 和 BDE-209 的室内和室外 PM 样本之间也存在显著相关性，表明车辆排放和工业活动等室外源对其大气存在有重要影响。此外，脱溴 TBBPA 衍生物的浓度在超过 33%的室内和室外空气颗粒样本中高于 TBBPA 的浓度。然而，我们的结果表明，吸入典型 SVOCs 不会对人体造成非致癌风险。尽管我们观察到典型 SVOC 同系物在来源、发生和分布方面存在显著差异，但仍需要更多使用匹配样本的研究来明确识别重要的室内外污染源，以便准确评估不同来源的贡献和相关的人体暴露风险。
