Suzuki Taichi A, Ley Ruth E
Department of Microbiome Science, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany.
Science. 2020 Dec 4;370(6521). doi: 10.1126/science.aaz6827.
As human populations spread across the world, they adapted genetically to local conditions. So too did the resident microorganism communities that everyone carries with them. However, the collective influence of the diverse and dynamic community of resident microbes on host evolution is poorly understood. The taxonomic composition of the microbiota varies among individuals and displays a range of sometimes redundant functions that modify the physicochemical environment of the host and may alter selection pressures. Here we review known human traits and genes for which the microbiota may have contributed or responded to changes in host diet, climate, or pathogen exposure. Integrating host-microbiota interactions in human adaptation could offer new approaches to improve our understanding of human health and evolution.
随着人类在世界各地的迁徙，他们在基因上适应了当地环境。每个人所携带的常驻微生物群落也是如此。然而，人们对多样化且动态变化的常驻微生物群落对宿主进化的综合影响却知之甚少。微生物群的分类组成因人而异，并表现出一系列有时冗余的功能，这些功能会改变宿主的物理化学环境，并可能改变选择压力。在这里，我们回顾了已知的人类特征和基因，微生物群可能对这些特征和基因在宿主饮食、气候或病原体暴露方面的变化产生了影响或做出了响应。将宿主-微生物群相互作用整合到人类适应性研究中，可能会为增进我们对人类健康和进化的理解提供新的方法。
