Chianese Alexander A, Jackson Stefanie Z, Souders Margaret C
School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
J Am Assoc Nurse Pract. 2020 Nov 26;33(10):776-784. doi: 10.1097/JXX.0000000000000508.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly prevalent neurodevelopmental condition. Autism spectrum disorder individuals are interested in sexual activity and pursuing romantic relationships, yet they often lack psychosexual knowledge and engage in risky sexual behaviors. The special learning needs of ASD individuals influence their exclusion from educational and social settings, resulting in fewer opportunities to acquire sex knowledge from reliable sources.
This review aimed to explore factors influencing sexual knowledge and evaluate outcomes of comprehensive, ASD-tailored psychosexual education.
PubMed, PsychINFO, and EBSCOhost databases were used to locate peer-reviewed articles in English in the 5 years between 2013 and 2018. Keywords included "autism spectrum disorder," "child abuse," "sexual," "sexual offenses," "sexual abuse," and "sexual education."
Nine articles were included in the review. Compared with neurotypical adults, ASD adults had less sex-related knowledge, more victimization experiences, and obtained sexual information from more nonsocial sources. Knowledge is a partial mediator between ASD diagnosis and sexual victimization. Parents expressed having little support to educate their offspring and provided less sex education to children with intellectual disability and severe symptoms. Psychosexual education programs that are tailored to suit developmental and cognitive differences of ASD individuals increase knowledge and improve parent-child communication, especially for younger adolescents.
Nurse practitioners who care for ASD individuals should assess knowledge and victimization experiences, assess parent perceptions and concerns, and provide guidance for developmentally and intellectually appropriate sex education. These should be incorporated into practice starting at a young age and continue across the lifespan.
自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）是一种高度普遍的神经发育疾病。患有自闭症谱系障碍的个体对性活动感兴趣并追求浪漫关系，但他们往往缺乏性心理知识，且会进行危险的性行为。ASD个体的特殊学习需求导致他们被排除在教育和社交环境之外，从而减少了从可靠来源获取性知识的机会。
本综述旨在探讨影响性知识的因素，并评估针对ASD个体量身定制的综合性性心理教育的效果。
使用PubMed、PsychINFO和EBSCOhost数据库检索2013年至2018年这5年间的英文同行评审文章。关键词包括“自闭症谱系障碍”“儿童虐待”“性”“性犯罪”“性虐待”和“性教育”。
该综述纳入了9篇文章。与神经典型成年人相比，患有ASD的成年人性相关知识较少，受侵害经历更多，且从更多非社交来源获取性信息。知识是ASD诊断与性侵害之间的部分中介因素。父母表示在教育子女方面几乎得不到支持，对智障和症状严重的儿童提供的性教育较少。针对ASD个体的发育和认知差异量身定制的性心理教育项目可增加知识并改善亲子沟通，尤其是对青少年早期而言。
照顾ASD个体的执业护士应评估其知识和受侵害经历，评估父母的认知和担忧，并为适合其发育和智力水平的性教育提供指导。这些应在年轻时就纳入实践，并贯穿一生。
