Detection of relaxin by immunohistochemistry in the corpus luteum during lactation.

The occurrence of relaxin in corpora lutea (CL) throughout lactation was studied in rats and pigs using the avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase procedure and homologous antisera to purified relaxins. In the rat, both CL from the previous pregnancy (CLp) and CL formed after postpartum ovulation, termed CL of lactation (CLL), were studied. In the rat, relaxin was localized only in cells of the CLp in early lactation, and immunostaining declined with advancing lactation. In late lactation (Days 16-20), immunoreactive relaxin first appeared in cells of the CLL, although the intensity was less relative to that observed in the CLp in early lactation. Cells of the CLp were sensitive to the effects of exogenous prostaglandins (PG) as shown by a loss of relaxin immunostaining at both 12 and 48 h after a PGF2 alpha challenge. In the sow, the CLp showed highest immunostaining in early lactation with a gradual reduction as lactation progressed, such that by Day 20 lactation, immunostaining was lost. These localization studies show that immunoreactive relaxin is present in the CL during lactation. Low levels of relaxin localized in the CLL of late lactation in the rat probably represents newly formed hormone, whereas the immunostaining in the CLp of the pig and rat appears to be residual relaxin and an indicator of the degeneration of the CLp with advancing lactation.