Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Binh, Vietnam, France.
Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.
Travel Med Infect Dis. 2021 Jan-Feb;39:101944. doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101944. Epub 2020 Dec 1.
Different health risks are associated with international electives among medical students, including the transmission of infectious diseases and non-communicable diseases. This review aims to summarise the evidence for illnesses associated with travel in medical students taking part in electives abroad.
Articles were identified through a literature search in two databases (until 30 July 2020) - PubMed and Web of Science.
Sixteen articles were included in the systematic review. The results were classified into two broad categories: communicable diseases and non-communicable diseases. Gastrointestinal infections including travellers' diarrhoea were the most common infectious diseases reported by medical students abroad, followed by respiratory tract infections and skin infections. Blood-borne and sexually transmitted infection and systemic febrile infections due to vector-borne pathogens were rarely reported. Only six of the 16 studies addressed microbial carriage. The acquisition of resistant bacteria appeared to be frequent. Traffic accidents and mental health problems were also reported.
One of the lessons learned from this review is the requirement for large-scale epidemiological studies to evaluate the burden of infectious diseases such as gastrointestinal, respiratory and blood-borne infections with microbiological documentation. In particular, the emergence of the acquisition of resistant bacteria may lead to a theoretical risk of spread to the community and hospitals. Studies addressing mental health issues in the context of medical electives abroad are also needed.
医学生参加海外实习会面临不同的健康风险，包括传染病和非传染性疾病的传播。本综述旨在总结与参加海外实习的医学生旅行相关的疾病证据。
通过在两个数据库（截至 2020 年 7 月 30 日）——PubMed 和 Web of Science 中进行文献检索，确定了文章。
系统综述共纳入了 16 篇文章。结果分为两类：传染病和非传染性疾病。医学生在海外报告的最常见传染病包括旅行者腹泻在内的胃肠道感染，其次是呼吸道感染和皮肤感染。血液传播和性传播感染以及由媒介传播病原体引起的全身性发热感染很少报告。在 16 项研究中只有 6 项研究涉及微生物携带。耐药菌的出现似乎很频繁。交通事故和心理健康问题也有报道。
从这项综述中吸取的一个教训是需要进行大规模的流行病学研究，以评估具有微生物学证明的胃肠道、呼吸道和血液传播感染等传染病的负担。特别是，耐药菌的出现可能导致理论上向社区和医院传播的风险。还需要研究在海外实习背景下的心理健康问题。
