Neut Christel
U1286 INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille (CHU Lille), University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2021 Sep 25;10(10):1163. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics10101163.
The increase in multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in hospitalized people and the hospital environment has been thoroughly documented. In contrast, little is known about their presence in the community. However, increasing evidence is showing a high level of carriage in people without infectious signs. Colonized people can later develop infections due to MDR bacteria and may be able to transmit them to susceptible people (the number of which is increasing worldwide), for example, people with comorbidities such as diabetes, cancer, or inflammatory diseases and those in extreme age groups. Risk factors for the acquisition of MDR bacteria are as follows: (1) residence or travel in countries with high levels of MDR bacteria; (2) occupational risks such as health workers or people with close contact with animals (farmers, veterinarians) who frequently use antibiotics; and (3) comorbidities. Eradication is rather difficult and, thus far, has not shown clear-cut results. Preventive measures will be important in the future with a reinforcement of hygienic measures not only in the hospital, but also in the community.
住院患者及医院环境中多重耐药（MDR）细菌的增加已得到充分记录。相比之下，人们对它们在社区中的存在情况知之甚少。然而，越来越多的证据表明，在没有感染迹象的人群中，MDR细菌的携带率很高。定植者后来可能会因MDR细菌而发生感染，并可能将其传播给易感人群（全球此类人群的数量正在增加），例如患有糖尿病、癌症或炎症性疾病等合并症的人以及极端年龄组的人。获得MDR细菌的危险因素如下：（1）在MDR细菌水平高的国家居住或旅行；（2）职业风险，如经常使用抗生素的医护人员或与动物密切接触的人（农民、兽医）；（3）合并症。根除相当困难，迄今为止，尚未显示出明确的结果。未来，加强卫生措施不仅在医院，而且在社区，预防措施将很重要。
