Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2021 Jun;70:10-17. doi: 10.1016/j.ceb.2020.10.015. Epub 2020 Dec 1.
Nucleosomes, the basic structures used to package genetic information into chromatin, are subject to a diverse array of chemical modifications. A large number of these marks serve as interaction hubs for many nuclear proteins and provide critical structural features for protein recruitment. Dynamic deposition and removal of chromatin modifications by regulatory proteins ensure their correct deposition to the genome, which is essential for DNA replication, transcription, chromatin compaction, or DNA damage repair. The spatiotemporal regulation and maintenance of chromatin marks relies on coordinated activities of writer, eraser, and reader enzymes and often depends on complex multicomponent regulatory circuits. In recent years, the field has made enormous advances in uncovering the mechanisms that regulate chromatin modifications. Here, we discuss well-established and emerging concepts in chromatin biology ranging from cooperativity and multivalent interactions to regulatory feedback loops and increased local concentration of chromatin-modifying enzymes.
核小体是将遗传信息包装成染色质的基本结构，它们会受到多种化学修饰。这些标记中的许多都充当了许多核蛋白的相互作用中心，并为蛋白质募集提供了关键的结构特征。调节蛋白动态地添加和去除染色质修饰，以确保其正确地沉积到基因组中，这对于 DNA 复制、转录、染色质紧缩或 DNA 损伤修复至关重要。染色质标记的时空调节和维持依赖于写酶、擦除酶和读酶的协调活动，并且通常取决于复杂的多成分调节回路。近年来，该领域在揭示调控染色质修饰的机制方面取得了巨大进展。在这里，我们讨论了染色质生物学中从协同作用和多价相互作用到调控反馈回路和增加染色质修饰酶的局部浓度等已确立和新兴的概念。
