冷水游泳——益处与风险：叙事性综述。

Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland.

Institute of Sport Science, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland.

Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Dec 2;17(23):8984. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17238984.

Cold water swimming (winter or ice swimming) has a long tradition in northern countries. Until a few years ago, ice swimming was practiced by very few extreme athletes. For some years now, ice swimming has been held as competitions in ice-cold water (colder than 5 °C). The aim of this overview is to present the current status of benefits and risks for swimming in cold water. When cold water swimming is practiced by experienced people with good health in a regular, graded and adjusted mode, it appears to bring health benefits. However, there is a risk of death in unfamiliar people, either due to the initial neurogenic cold shock response or due to a progressive decrease in swimming efficiency or hypothermia.

冷水游泳（冬季或冰泳）在北方国家有着悠久的传统。直到几年前，冰泳才被极少数极限运动员所练习。近年来，冰泳已在冰冷的水中（低于 5°C）举行比赛。本文旨在介绍在冷水中游泳的益处和风险的现状。当经验丰富、身体健康的人以常规、分级和调整的方式进行冷水游泳时，它似乎会带来健康益处。然而，对于不熟悉的人来说，存在因初始神经源性冷休克反应或因游泳效率逐渐降低或体温过低而死亡的风险。