Teległów Aneta, Konieczny Kamil, Dobija Ignacy, Kuśmierczyk Justyna, Tota Łukasz, Rembiasz Konrad, Maciejczyk Marcin
Department of Health Promotion, Institute of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education in Krakow, al. Jana Pawła II 78, Krakow, 31-571, Poland.
Graduate, Faculty of Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education in Krakow, al. Jana Pawła II 78, Krakow, 31-571, Poland.
BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2024 Jun 21;16(1):138. doi: 10.1186/s13102-024-00932-3.
Exposure of the human body to cold water triggers numerous beneficial physiological changes. The study aimed to assess the impact of regular winter swimming on blood morphological, rheological, and biochemical indicators and activity of antioxidant enzymes in males.
The study involved 10 male winter swimmers (the same participants examined before the season and after the season) and 13 males (not winter swimming, leading a sedentary lifestyle) in the control group. Fasting blood was collected twice: in November and in March of the following year. Basic blood morphological indicators, red cell elongation index (EI) and aggregation index (AI), concentrations of testosterone, cortisol, urea, and creatinine, as well as plasma activity of antioxidant enzymes of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were determined.
The data were collected from the same winter swimmers at the beginning and end of the season. Winter swimming resulted in a significant increase of EI values at a shear stress of 0.30 (p = 0.40), 0.58 (p < 0.001), 4.24 (p = 0.021), 8.23 (p = 0.001), 15.59 (p = 0.001), 30.94 (p = 0.004), and 60.00 Pa (p = 0.043); haemoglobin was lower than before the season (p < 0.027). No significant changes were observed in AI, AMP, T1/2, the levels of urea, creatinine, eGFR, testosterone, cortisol, or the activity of CAT or SOD. There was a statistically significant increase in GPx activity (p = 0.014) and increase in testosterone concentration (p = 0.035) in the group of winter swimmers examined before the season as compared with the control group. No statistically significant differences were found for the mean values of blood morphological indicators and other parameters.
Winter swimming can prove to be a health-promoting factor in males, as indicated by a rise in the deformability of red blood cells in the blood vessel system after a full season of winter swimming, leading to better body oxygenation, and improves the antioxidant defence and testosterone concentration (within standard limits) in the group of winter swimmers examined before the season as compared with the control group. Winter swimming helps maintain appropriate levels of blood rheological indicators, urea, creatinine, eGFR, cortisol, testosterone, and activity of antioxidant enzymes.
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT06223087, 15.01.2024.
人体暴露于冷水中会引发许多有益的生理变化。本研究旨在评估定期冬泳对男性血液形态学、流变学、生化指标以及抗氧化酶活性的影响。
本研究纳入10名男性冬泳者（赛季开始前和赛季结束后为同一批参与者）以及13名男性（不进行冬泳，久坐不动的生活方式）作为对照组。在11月和次年3月两次采集空腹血样。测定基本血液形态学指标、红细胞伸长指数（EI）和聚集指数（AI）、睾酮、皮质醇、尿素和肌酐浓度，以及过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）的血浆活性。
数据采集自同一批冬泳者赛季开始时和结束时。冬泳导致在剪切应力为0.30（p = 0.40）、0.58（p < 0.001）、4.24（p = 0.021）、8.23（p = 0.001）、15.59（p = 0.001）、30.94（p = 0.004）和60.00 Pa（p = 0.043）时EI值显著增加；血红蛋白低于赛季前（p < 0.027）。在AI、AMP、T1/2、尿素、肌酐、估算肾小球滤过率（eGFR）、睾酮、皮质醇水平或CAT或SOD活性方面未观察到显著变化。与对照组相比，赛季前接受检查的冬泳者组中GPx活性有统计学意义的增加（p = 0.014），睾酮浓度增加（p = 0.035）。血液形态学指标和其他参数的平均值未发现统计学显著差异。
冬泳可被证明是男性的一种促进健康的因素，如在一个完整的冬泳赛季后血管系统中红细胞变形能力增强，这有助于更好地给身体供氧，并且与对照组相比，赛季前接受检查的冬泳者组中抗氧化防御能力和睾酮浓度（在标准范围内）有所改善。冬泳有助于维持血液流变学指标、尿素、肌酐、eGFR、皮质醇、睾酮以及抗氧化酶活性的适当水平。
ClinicalTrials.gov标识符NCT06223087，2024年1月15日。
