Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agrobioengineering, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland; Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland.
Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agrobioengineering, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland.
Chemosphere. 2021 Mar;266:128982. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128982. Epub 2020 Nov 23.
The bioavailability and bioaccumulation of metal-based engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) in soils need to be evaluated in environmentally relevant scenarios. The aim of this study was an analysis of potentially available metal-component ENPs (nano-ZnO and nano-CuO) in soils. Earthworms (Eisenia fetida) were used to examine the bioaccumulation potential of ENPs. Micro-particles (micro-ZnO and micro-CuO) and metal salts (ZnCl and CuCl) were used to evaluate the nano-effect and the activity of dissolved ions, respectively. Zn- and Cu-compounds were added to sandy loam and silt loam at a concentration of 10 mg kg. The bioavailable fractions of metals were extracted from soil using HO, MgCl with CHCOONa or EDTA. EDTA was the most effective extractant of Zn and Cu (10.06-11.65 mg Zn kg and 2.69-3.52 mg Cu kg), whereas the HO-extractable metal concentration was at the lowest level (1.98-2.12 mg Zn kg and 0.54-0.82 Cu mg kg). The bioavailable metal concentrations were significantly higher in silt loam than sandy loam soil, which was related to the higher pH value of silt. There were no significant differences between the Zn content in the earthworms incubated in the two soils, which may confirm the auto-regulation of the Zn content by earthworms. However, the bioaccumulation of Cu was strongly correlated with the extractable Cu concentrations. The juvenile earthworms accumulated Cu and Zn more than adults. Based on our results, aging neutralized the differences between the ionic and particulate effects of metal-compounds.
在与环境相关的情况下，需要评估基于金属的工程纳米粒子（ENPs）在土壤中的生物利用度和生物累积。本研究的目的是分析土壤中潜在可利用的金属成分 ENPs（纳米 ZnO 和纳米 CuO）。使用赤子爱胜蚓（Eisenia fetida）来研究 ENPs 的生物累积潜力。使用微粒子（微 ZnO 和微 CuO）和金属盐（ZnCl 和 CuCl）分别评估纳米效应和溶解离子的活性。将 Zn 和 Cu 化合物添加到砂壤土和粉壤土中，浓度为 10 mg kg。使用 HO、MgCl 和 CHCOONa 或 EDTA 从土壤中提取金属的可利用部分。EDTA 是提取 Zn 和 Cu 的最有效提取剂（10.06-11.65 mg Zn kg 和 2.69-3.52 mg Cu kg），而 HO 可提取金属浓度处于最低水平（1.98-2.12 mg Zn kg 和 0.54-0.82 Cu mg kg）。在粉壤土中，可利用金属浓度明显高于砂壤土，这与粉壤土较高的 pH 值有关。在两种土壤中培养的蚯蚓体内的 Zn 含量没有显著差异，这可能证实了蚯蚓对 Zn 含量的自动调节。然而，Cu 的生物累积与可提取的 Cu 浓度密切相关。幼蚓比成蚓积累更多的 Cu 和 Zn。根据我们的结果，老化中和了金属化合物的离子和颗粒效应之间的差异。
