Singh Kiran, Thakur Samrendra Singh, Ahmed Nazeer, Alharby Hesham F, Al-Ghamdi Abdullah J, Al-Solami Habeeb M, Bahattab Omar, Yadav Shweta
Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, 470003, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Department of Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, 470003, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Heliyon. 2022 Oct 19;8(10):e11167. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11167. eCollection 2022 Oct.
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are found in a range of commercial products due to their proven antibacterial properties. The unused silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) may make its way into the soil biosolids that come from wastewater treatment or the effluent that comes from industrialisation processes, where it could be harmful to the organism that live in terrestrial ecosystems. In addition, silver ions are one of the most toxic forms of heavy metal released from dissolved silver nitrate (AgNO) and AgNPs through dissolution or oxidation. The study examined the effect of engineered AgNPs, and AgNO on earthworms which are one of the most important bioindicator for determining toxicity in soil environment. Epigeic earthworm, was exposed to soils spiked with equivalent concentrations of AgNPs or AgNO at 0, 10, 100, and 200 mg kg in soil for 56 days of experiments. The survival and growth rate was recorded at 7, 14, 21, 28 days and accumulation of Ag in earthworm tissue at 14 and 28 days, antioxidant enzymes at 28 days and reproduction at 56 days of experiment. Further, a short-term exposure of AgNPs and AgNO was conducted to observe avoidance behaviour after 48 h of exposure. The result indicated that survivability was relatively low on exposure of AgNO (83.3%) than AgNPs (86.7%) in 200 mg kg spiked soils, besides the growth was inhibited in both AgNPs (3.68%) and AgNO (3.25%) at 28 days. The uptake of Ag from AgNO in the earthworm tissue was slightly higher than uptake of Ag from AgNPs and it showed concentration-dependent inhibitory effects on reproduction. In AgNO spiked soil, a high level of the Malondialdehyde (MDA) based lipid peroxidation and increased activity of antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT) was observed than AgNPs spiked soil. Similarly, glutathione (GSH), a cofactor for GPx and GST enzymes, was lower in AgNO-spiked soil than in AgNPs-spiked soil. In terms of avoidance behaviour, there was no discernible difference between the distribution of earthworms in AgNPs and AgNO after 48 h. The study found exhibits concentration-dependent alterations in its competence to survive, antioxidant enzymes, and reproduction AgNO was found to be more sensitive than AgNPs in the study. The research investigates the effect of AgNPs on earthworms in the soil ecosystem since this understanding is crucial for a comprehensive evaluation of AgNPs' environmental consequences.
由于已证实的抗菌特性，银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）存在于一系列商业产品中。未使用的银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）可能会进入来自废水处理的土壤生物固体或工业化过程产生的废水，在那里它可能对生活在陆地生态系统中的生物有害。此外，银离子是通过溶解或氧化从溶解的硝酸银（AgNO）和AgNPs中释放的毒性最强的重金属形式之一。该研究考察了工程化AgNPs和AgNO对蚯蚓的影响，蚯蚓是确定土壤环境毒性的最重要生物指示物之一。在为期56天的实验中，将表栖蚯蚓暴露于土壤中添加了浓度分别为0、10、100和200mg/kg的等量AgNPs或AgNO的土壤中。在实验的第7、14、21、28天记录存活率和生长率，在第14天和28天记录蚯蚓组织中Ag的积累，在第28天记录抗氧化酶，在第56天记录繁殖情况。此外，对AgNPs和AgNO进行了短期暴露实验，以观察暴露48小时后的回避行为。结果表明，在添加200mg/kg的土壤中，暴露于AgNO时的存活率（83.3%）低于暴露于AgNPs时（86.7%），此外，在第28天，AgNPs（3.68%）和AgNO（3.25%）处理组的生长均受到抑制。蚯蚓组织中从AgNO摄取的Ag略高于从AgNPs摄取的Ag，并且对繁殖表现出浓度依赖性抑制作用。在添加AgNO的土壤中，观察到基于丙二醛（MDA）的脂质过氧化水平较高，抗氧化酶过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性增加，高于添加AgNPs的土壤。同样，谷胱甘肽（GSH）作为谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GST）的辅助因子，在添加AgNO的土壤中低于添加AgNPs的土壤。在回避行为方面，48小时后蚯蚓在AgNPs和AgNO中的分布没有明显差异。研究发现，AgNO在存活能力、抗氧化酶和繁殖能力方面表现出浓度依赖性变化，在该研究中发现AgNO比AgNPs更敏感。该研究调查了AgNPs对土壤生态系统中蚯蚓的影响，因为这种认识对于全面评估AgNPs的环境影响至关重要。
