Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
Department of Biochemistry, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan.
Plant J. 2021 Jan;105(2):290-306. doi: 10.1111/tpj.15115. Epub 2021 Jan 8.
Small-molecule plant hormones principally control plant growth, development, differentiation, and environmental responses. Nine types of plant hormones are ubiquitous in angiosperms, and the molecular mechanisms of their hormone actions have been elucidated during the last two decades by genomic decoding of model plants with genetic mutants. In particular, the discovery of hormone receptors has greatly contributed to the understanding of signal transduction systems. The three-dimensional structure of the ligand-receptor complex has been determined for eight of the nine hormones by X-ray crystal structure analysis, and ligand perception mechanisms have been revealed at the atomic level. Collective research has revealed the molecular function of plant hormones that act as either molecular glue or an allosteric regulator for activation of receptors. In this review, we present an overview of the respective hormone signal transduction and describe the structural bases of ligand-receptor interactions.
小分子植物激素主要控制植物的生长、发育、分化和环境响应。在过去的二十年中，通过对具有遗传突变体的模式植物进行基因组解码，阐明了九种植物激素在被子植物中的分子机制。特别是，激素受体的发现极大地促进了对信号转导系统的理解。通过 X 射线晶体结构分析，已经确定了这九种激素中的八种的配体-受体复合物的三维结构，并在原子水平上揭示了配体感知机制。集体研究揭示了作为分子胶或变构调节剂的植物激素的分子功能，以激活受体。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了各自的激素信号转导，并描述了配体-受体相互作用的结构基础。
