Botany Department, Centre for Environmental Studies, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Turkey.
Physiol Plant. 2021 Jun;172(2):1321-1335. doi: 10.1111/ppl.13297. Epub 2020 Dec 18.
Drought stress, which causes a decline in quality and quantity of crop yields, has become more accentuated these days due to climatic change. Serious measures need to be taken to increase the tolerance of crop plants to acute drought conditions likely to occur due to global warming. Drought stress causes many physiological and biochemical changes in plants, rendering the maintenance of osmotic adjustment highly crucial. The degree of plant resistance to drought varies with plant species and cultivars, phenological stages of the plant, and the duration of plant exposure to the stress. Osmoregulation in plants under low water potential relies on synthesis and accumulation of osmoprotectants or osmolytes such as soluble proteins, sugars, and sugar alcohols, quaternary ammonium compounds, and amino acids, like proline. This review highlights the role of osmolytes in water-stressed plants and of enzymes entailed in their metabolism. It will be useful, especially for researchers working on the development of drought-resistant crops by using the metabolic-engineering techniques.
由于气候变化，干旱胁迫导致作物产量的质量和数量下降，如今变得更加严重。需要采取严厉措施来提高作物对因全球变暖可能发生的急性干旱条件的耐受能力。干旱胁迫会导致植物发生许多生理和生化变化，使得维持渗透调节变得至关重要。植物对干旱的抗性程度因植物物种和品种、植物的物候阶段以及植物暴露于胁迫的时间长短而有所不同。在低水势下，植物的渗透调节依赖于合成和积累渗透保护剂或渗透物，如可溶性蛋白质、糖和糖醇、季铵化合物以及氨基酸，如脯氨酸。这篇综述强调了渗透物在遭受水分胁迫的植物中的作用，以及参与其代谢的酶的作用。这对于利用代谢工程技术开发抗旱作物的研究人员来说尤其有用。
