Gravelin Claire R, Biernat Monica, Bucher Caroline E
Division of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Franklin Pierce University, Rindge, NH, United States.
Department of Psychology, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States.
Front Psychol. 2019 Jan 21;9:2422. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02422. eCollection 2018.
Victims of rape are uniquely vulnerable for being blamed for their assault relative to victims of other interpersonal crimes and thus much research has been conducted to understand why this is the case. But the study of victim blaming in acquaintance rape cases is hindered by contradictory empirical results. Early investigations in victim blaming often treated acquaintance rapes and stranger rapes as synonymous and thus much of these data are suspect for drawing conclusions particular to acquaintance rape. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the research literature on victim blame in acquaintance rape cases, highlighting inconsistencies and drawing particular attention to areas of research in need of further exploration. Specifically, we review the commonly studied individual (perceiver) factors that influence victim blaming, as well as common situational (target) factors included or manipulated within sexual assault scenarios. Our review reveals many inconsistent findings and interactions between perceiver and scenario factors. In an effort to make sense of these complex interactions and inconsistent findings, we suggest a need for more transparency in describing the scenarios used in research on victim blaming in sexual assault cases and greater empirical attention to sociocultural factors that may influence blaming tendencies.
与其他人际犯罪的受害者相比，强奸受害者更容易因其遭受的攻击而受到指责，因此人们进行了大量研究以了解为何会出现这种情况。但是熟人强奸案件中受害者归咎问题的研究受到相互矛盾的实证结果的阻碍。早期对受害者归咎的调查常常将熟人强奸和陌生人强奸视为同义词，因此这些数据中的许多对于得出特定于熟人强奸的结论而言都值得怀疑。本文全面回顾了关于熟人强奸案件中受害者归咎的研究文献，突出了不一致之处，并特别关注需要进一步探索的研究领域。具体而言，我们回顾了影响受害者归咎的常见个体（感知者）因素，以及性侵犯场景中包含或操纵的常见情境（目标）因素。我们的综述揭示了许多不一致的发现以及感知者与场景因素之间的相互作用。为了理解这些复杂的相互作用和不一致的发现，我们建议在描述性侵犯案件中受害者归咎研究中使用的场景时需要更加透明，并对可能影响归咎倾向的社会文化因素给予更多实证关注。
