Bioproduct and Fiber Technology Team, AgResearch Limited, 1365 Springs Road, Lincoln, Christchurch, 7674, New Zealand.
The Clothworkers' Center for Textile Materials Innovation for Healthcare, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 5JQ, United Kingdom.
Chemosphere. 2021 Feb;265:129087. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129087. Epub 2020 Nov 25.
Currently used textile dyes are not highly toxic or carcinogenic, but the intense and persistent color of the effluent is problematic. Of the remediation processes investigated, the adsorption process is attractive, and carbonaceous adsorbents (CAs) are ideal for that purpose because of their very high dye-binding capacity (DBC). In this review, the potential of biomass-based feedstocks to produce CAs and the application of the produced adsorbents for the removal of various types of dyes from effluent have been compiled and critically reviewed. The effect of preparation conditions on the surface area, porosity, pore volume, and chemical characteristics of the produced CAs has been outlined and discussed. The DBC of various CAs at the optimum conditions has been compiled, and dye-binding mechanisms, dye sorption isotherm models, the stability of adsorbents, and regeneration methods of CAs are discussed. The analysis of the compiled dye-adsorption data shows that the dye-adsorption capacity of some CAs derived from biomasses and their composites is considerably higher than the commercially available activated carbon (AC) adsorbents. For example, a commercial AC (Filtrasorb-400) showed 400 mg/g DBC for the C.I. Reactive Red 120 dye. Conversely, the CS-DB adsorbent showed excellent anionic and cationic DBC for C.I. Direct Red 28 and C.I. Basic Green 4 dyes, 20317 and 12502 mg/g respectively. The porous carbon/polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel and GO/zeolitic imidazolate framework composite adsorbents exhibited dye-adsorption capacity as high as 13381.6 and 3300 mg/g respectively. The pore volume and functional groups of dyes are the deciding factors in achieving high dye adsorption.
目前使用的纺织染料毒性或致癌性不高，但废水颜色强烈且持久，这是一个问题。在所研究的修复过程中，吸附法具有吸引力，而碳质吸附剂（CA）因其极高的染料结合能力（DBC）而成为理想的选择。在本综述中，编译并批判性地回顾了生物质基原料生产 CA 的潜力以及所生产的吸附剂在去除废水中各种类型染料方面的应用。概述并讨论了制备条件对所生产 CA 的表面积、孔隙率、孔体积和化学特性的影响。编译了各种 CA 在最佳条件下的 DBC，并讨论了染料结合机制、染料吸附等温线模型、吸附剂的稳定性和 CA 的再生方法。对编译的染料吸附数据的分析表明，一些源自生物质及其复合材料的 CA 的染料吸附能力明显高于市售的活性炭（AC）吸附剂。例如，商业 AC（Filtrasorb-400）对 C.I. 活性红 120 染料的 DBC 为 400mg/g。相比之下，CS-DB 吸附剂对 C.I. 直接红 28 和 C.I. 碱性绿 4 染料表现出出色的阴离子和阳离子 DBC，分别为 20317 和 12502mg/g。多孔碳/聚乙烯醇水凝胶和 GO/沸石咪唑酯骨架复合吸附剂的染料吸附容量高达 13381.6 和 3300mg/g。染料的孔体积和官能团是实现高染料吸附的决定因素。
