Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Inserm UMR1219-EPICENE, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Public Health Pole, Bordeaux Hospital, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Environmental Health Platform Dedicated to Reproduction, ARTEMIS Center, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Regional Health Agency of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Inserm UMR1219-EPICENE, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Public Health Pole, Bordeaux Hospital, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Environmental Health Platform Dedicated to Reproduction, ARTEMIS Center, 33076 Bordeaux, France.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Mar 20;761:143294. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143294. Epub 2020 Nov 2.
There is growing evidence in the scientific literature that individuals living near fields are more exposed to agricultural pesticides than people living further away.
The main objective of this systematic review was to identify the non-dietary determinants of pesticide exposure related to the drift pathway in residents living in agricultural areas, including spatial indictors related to agricultural activities, hygiene practices, behaviors and sociodemographic parameters.
Three databases were consulted (PubMed, Web of sciences, Scopus). At least two experts selected the eligible studies.
A total of 27 original studies (2002-2020) fulfilled the eligibility criteria of this review. These publications explored pesticide exposure of individuals through measurements in biological samples (n = 13), environmental samples (n = 11) or both (n = 3). Spatial indicators, including residential proximity to fields, crop acreage around the residence and amounts of pesticides applied in the vicinity were identified as determinants of pesticide exposure in many studies (n = 17), including publications considered to be of very good or good quality (n = 12). Season of spraying tended to increase the levels of pesticides measured in five publications out of seven. Meteorological parameters and physical barriers showed an inconsistent and complex influence on the presence and levels of pesticides in urine samples and house dust. Frequent housekeeping reduced the presence of pesticides at home and consequently in biological matrices in three studies out of six. Finally, the effect of the occupants' sociodemographic characteristics, behaviors, and hygiene practices on the exposure measurement was less well documented and results were fairly inconsistent.
This study consolidates our knowledge of the determinants influencing pesticide exposure levels in people living in agricultural areas. Nevertheless, the available scientific data is still too limited to serve as a basis for developing risk management measures. More research is needed to improve knowledge of the determinants of exposure.
科学文献中有越来越多的证据表明，居住在农田附近的人比居住在更远地方的人接触到更多的农业用农药。
本系统评价的主要目的是确定与居住在农业区的居民的漂移途径有关的非饮食性农药接触决定因素，包括与农业活动、卫生习惯、行为和社会人口参数有关的空间指标。
检索了三个数据库（PubMed、Web of sciences、Scopus）。至少有两名专家选择了合格的研究。
共有 27 项原始研究（2002-2020 年）符合本综述的入选标准。这些出版物通过生物样本（n=13）、环境样本（n=11）或两者（n=3）的测量来探索个体的农药暴露情况。许多研究确定了空间指标，包括居住地与农田的距离、住宅周围的作物面积以及附近使用的农药数量，这些都是决定农药暴露的因素（n=17），包括被认为是质量非常好或好的出版物（n=12）。在七项研究中有五项研究表明，喷洒季节会增加测量到的农药水平。气象参数和物理障碍对尿液样本和房屋灰尘中农药的存在和水平表现出不一致和复杂的影响。在六项研究中有三项研究表明，经常打扫房屋可以减少家中农药的存在，进而减少生物基质中的农药。最后，居住者的社会人口特征、行为和卫生习惯对暴露测量的影响记录较少，结果也不一致。
本研究整合了我们对居住在农业区的人群中影响农药暴露水平的决定因素的认识。然而，现有的科学数据仍然太有限，无法作为制定风险管理措施的基础。需要进一步研究来提高对暴露决定因素的认识。
