Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA.
Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA.
Environ Int. 2024 Nov;193:109123. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.109123. Epub 2024 Nov 5.
Elevated pesticide concentrations have been found in dust from homes with residents who use agricultural pesticides, but few studies have compared these concentrations to quantitative measures of their use. We evaluated household pesticide dust concentrations in relation to quantitative, active ingredient-specific metrics of agricultural pesticide use in the Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect in Agriculture Study.
Participants provided vacuum dust samples (2013-2018) and information regarding recent (last 12 months) and lifetime pesticide use. Thirty-two pesticide analytes were measured in 295 dust samples from 213 participants; 54 had repeated measurements (median = 96 days between visits). We used mixed-effects quantile regression models to estimate relative differences in pesticide concentrations for recent and lifetime agricultural use (number of days, intensity-weighted days), recent home/garden use (yes/no), and household characteristics. Only household characteristics were examined for dacthal because of no use information. We calculated intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) to evaluate temporal variability. We report only descriptive statistics for pesticides with detection rates <25 %.
For currently used pesticides, quantitative measures of recent agricultural use were associated with significantly increased household pesticide dust concentrations for malathion, metolachlor, acetochlor, cyfluthrin, and atrazine (p-trends < 0.001), but not permethrin. Similarly, quantitative measures of lifetime use were associated with increased concentrations of malathion, metolachlor, carbaryl, diazinon, and atrazine (p-trends < 0.001), but not permethrin, chlorpyrifos, or chlorothalonil. For banned pesticides, ever agricultural use was associated with elevated chlordane and heptachlor concentrations and non-significantly elevated dieldrin concentrations, but not lindane, p,p-DDD, p,p-DDE, or p,p-DDT. Recent home/garden use predicted increased malathion, carbaryl, and cyfluthrin concentrations. ICCs (range = 0.57-0.90) suggested moderate to high correlation over 3-6 months. Detection rates were <25 % for alachlor, butylate, EPTC, metribuzin, simazine, carbofuran, coumaphos, as well as for three banned pesticides (cyanazine, aldrin, endosulfan).
Household pesticide dust concentrations were strongly associated with the frequency of agricultural pesticide use.
在使用农用杀虫剂的居民家中的灰尘中发现了浓度较高的杀虫剂，但很少有研究将这些浓度与农用杀虫剂使用的定量指标进行比较。我们在暴露和农业效应生物标志物研究中，根据最近（过去 12 个月）和终生使用农用杀虫剂的情况，评估了家庭中杀虫剂灰尘浓度。
参与者提供了真空灰尘样本（2013-2018 年），并提供了关于最近和终生使用杀虫剂的信息。在 213 名参与者的 295 个灰尘样本中测量了 32 种杀虫剂分析物；54 个样本有重复测量（两次访问之间的中位数为 96 天）。我们使用混合效应分位数回归模型，根据最近和终生农业使用（天数、强度加权天数）、最近家庭/花园使用（是/否）和家庭特征，来估计农药浓度的相对差异。由于没有使用信息，只对狄氏剂进行了家庭特征分析。我们计算了组内相关系数（ICC）来评估时间变化。对于检出率<25%的杀虫剂，我们仅报告描述性统计数据。
对于目前使用的杀虫剂，最近农业使用的定量指标与马拉硫磷、甲草胺、乙草胺、氯氟氰菊酯和阿特拉津的家庭杀虫剂灰尘浓度显著增加有关（p-趋势<0.001），但与氯菊酯无关。同样，终生使用的定量指标与马拉硫磷、甲草胺、甲萘威、二嗪农和阿特拉津浓度的增加有关（p-趋势<0.001），但与氯菊酯、毒死蜱或百菌清无关。对于已禁用的杀虫剂，曾使用过农业杀虫剂与氯丹和七氯浓度升高有关，狄氏剂浓度升高但无统计学意义，但与林丹、p,p-DDD、p,p-DDE 或 p,p-DDT 无关。最近家庭/花园的使用预测了马拉硫磷、甲萘威和氯氟氰菊酯浓度的增加。ICC（范围=0.57-0.90）表明，在 3-6 个月内有中度至高度相关性。检出率<25%的杀虫剂有：甲草胺、丁草胺、乙草胺、唑草酮、西玛津、克百威、抗蚜威，以及三种已禁用的杀虫剂（氰戊菊酯、艾氏剂、硫丹）。
家庭杀虫剂灰尘浓度与农业杀虫剂使用频率密切相关。
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