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从残疾视角看收入不平等加剧：美国1981 - 2018年的趋势

Rising Income Inequality Through a Disability Lens: Trends in the United States 1981-2018.

作者信息

Jajtner Katie M, Mitra Sophie, Fountain Christine, Nichols Austin

机构信息

University of Wisconsin - Madison.

Fordham University.

出版信息

Soc Indic Res. 2020 Aug;151(1):81-114. doi: 10.1007/s11205-020-02379-8. Epub 2020 May 22.

DOI:10.1007/s11205-020-02379-8
PMID:33281271
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7710004/
Abstract

OBJECTIVES

In a context of rising income inequality and policies to improve rights and inclusion for persons with disabilities, this paper examines income inequality trends by household work limitation status in the United States from 1981-2018.

METHODS

Data comes from the March Supplement of the Current Population Survey using the work limitation disability measure to estimate decomposable Generalized Entropy measures of income inequality, and progressivity of government transfers and disability payments.

RESULTS

Over the 1981-2018 period, inequality within the group of households with work limitations has been around 30 percent higher than inequality within the group of households without work limitations. Both households with and without work limitations have seen a similar 70 percent rise in income inequality since 1981. Progressivity of government transfers and disability payments increased among households with limitations, but not among other households.

CONCLUSIONS

Income inequality is higher within the group of households with work limitations compared to other households and has been rising for both groups. Policies aimed to enhance the economic and social participation of persons with disabilities over this period may have mitigated this rising trend. Disability considerations should be part of research and policy on income inequality.

摘要

目标

在收入不平等加剧以及旨在改善残疾人权利和包容性的政策背景下，本文研究了1981年至2018年美国按家务劳动受限状况划分的收入不平等趋势。

方法

数据来自当前人口调查的三月补充调查，使用劳动受限残疾衡量指标来估计可分解的广义熵收入不平等指标，以及政府转移支付和残疾津贴的累进性。

结果

在1981年至2018年期间，有劳动限制的家庭组内不平等程度比没有劳动限制的家庭组内不平等程度高出约30%。自1981年以来，有劳动限制和没有劳动限制的家庭的收入不平等程度都上升了约70%。政府转移支付和残疾津贴的累进性在有劳动限制的家庭中有所增加，但在其他家庭中没有增加。

结论

与其他家庭相比，有劳动限制的家庭组内收入不平等程度更高，且两组的不平等程度都在上升。在此期间，旨在提高残疾人经济和社会参与度的政策可能减缓了这种上升趋势。残疾因素应成为收入不平等研究和政策的一部分。

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Work disability in the United States, 1968-2015: Prevalence, duration, recovery, and trends.1968 - 2015年美国的工作残疾情况：患病率、持续时间、康复情况及趋势
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