Springmann Marie-Luise, Svaldi Jennifer, Kiegelmann Mechthild
Department of Psychology, Karlsruhe University of Education, Karlsruhe, Germany.
Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Front Psychol. 2020 Nov 17;11:586196. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.586196. eCollection 2020.
Gender is a relevant factor in the etiology of eating disorders (ED) as evidenced by gender-specific components of disordered eating and by the high risk of ED among transgender individuals, in addition to other factors. However, research on connections between ED and gender identity are limited. Researchers who produce explanatory models, content themselves with faulting the sociocultural ideal of slimness for women, but they fail to grasp the connection between culture, gender and the body and they fall short of integrating this perspective into existing psychological knowledge about ED. Psychological research informed by feminist theory has begun to bridge this gap, but this growing area of research needs to be further developed and should include an understanding of ED in persons with all gender identities. This article expands the discussion of gender and ED, by grounding ED in an understanding of gender itself and by discussing methodological implications of this understanding.
性别是饮食失调（ED）病因中的一个相关因素，除其他因素外，饮食紊乱的性别特异性成分以及跨性别者中饮食失调的高风险都证明了这一点。然而，关于饮食失调与性别认同之间联系的研究是有限的。构建解释模型的研究人员，满足于指责社会文化中对女性苗条的理想标准，但他们没有理解文化、性别与身体之间的联系，也未能将这一观点融入现有的关于饮食失调的心理学知识中。受女权主义理论启发的心理学研究已经开始弥合这一差距，但这一不断发展的研究领域需要进一步拓展，并且应该包括对所有性别认同者饮食失调情况的理解。本文通过将饮食失调建立在对性别本身的理解基础上，并讨论这种理解的方法学意义，来扩展关于性别与饮食失调的讨论。
