Jembere Muluken, Kabthymer Robel Hussen, Deribew Amare
Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia.
St.Paul Milliennium Medical College, Addis Abeba, Ethiopia.
Glob Pediatr Health. 2020 Nov 20;7:2333794X20974232. doi: 10.1177/2333794X20974232. eCollection 2020.
Globally, anemia is a widespread public health problem associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Under 5 children have greater risk of anemia. The level of burden and the risk factors for anemia vary in different settings. Identifying local factors will have important implications for health intervention programs aimed to tackle the burden. Our study aims to investigate the determinants of anemia among under 5 children in the study area. Facility based unmatched case control study was conducted among 413 (137 cases and 276 controls) children of Dilla town. Cases were children who had hemoglobin level of less than 11 g/dl and controls were children aged 6 to 59 months with hemoglobin ≥11 g/dl. Quota and simple random sampling was used for cases and controls respectively. Data on socio-demographic, dietary diversity score, food security, anthropometry, hemoglobin level, malaria infection and intestinal parasites were collected. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 25. Bi-variate and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent determinants of anemia. -value less than .05 were used to declare statistical significance. In the multivariate analysis, having more than 1 under 5 children in the households (AOR = 3.03, 95%CI = 1.35-6.81), intestinal parasitosis (AOR = 4.42, 95%CI = 2.07-9.44), food insecurity (AOR = 2.75, 95% CI = 1.39-5.45), and stunting (AOR = 6.09, 95% CI = 2.53-14.67) were determinants of anemia among children aged 6 to 59 months. Some of the identified factors are modifiable that could be targeted to reduce childhood anemia. Family planning education, provision of anti-helminthic drugs and ensuring household food security will be beneficial to tackle anemia.
在全球范围内，贫血是一个普遍存在的公共卫生问题，与发病和死亡风险增加相关。5岁以下儿童患贫血的风险更高。贫血的负担水平和风险因素在不同环境中有所不同。确定当地因素对于旨在应对这一负担的健康干预计划具有重要意义。我们的研究旨在调查研究区域内5岁以下儿童贫血的决定因素。在迪拉镇的413名儿童（137例病例和276名对照）中进行了基于机构的非匹配病例对照研究。病例为血红蛋白水平低于11g/dl的儿童，对照为年龄在6至59个月、血红蛋白≥11g/dl的儿童。分别对病例和对照采用配额抽样和简单随机抽样。收集了社会人口统计学、饮食多样性评分、粮食安全、人体测量学、血红蛋白水平、疟疾感染和肠道寄生虫等方面的数据。使用SPSS 25版对数据进行分析。采用双变量和多变量二元逻辑回归分析来确定贫血的独立决定因素。P值小于0.05被用来判定具有统计学意义。在多变量分析中，家庭中有超过1名5岁以下儿童（比值比[AOR]=3.03，95%置信区间[CI]=1.35-6.81）、肠道寄生虫病（AOR=4.42，95%CI=2.07-9.44）、粮食不安全（AOR=2.75，95%CI=1.39-5.45）和发育迟缓（AOR=6.09，95%CI=2.53-14.67）是6至59个月儿童贫血的决定因素。一些已确定的因素是可以改变的，可针对这些因素来减少儿童贫血。计划生育教育、提供抗蠕虫药物和确保家庭粮食安全将有助于应对贫血问题。
