School of Education, Language, and Psychology, York St John University, York, UK.
School of Education, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2021 Oct;21(10):1436-1447. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1861106. Epub 2021 Jan 11.
Reflection-impulsivity is a dimension of cognitive or decision-making style. We conducted two quasi-experimental studies to examine reflection-impulsivity in athletes using an information sampling task. In Study 1 ( = 108; = 22.7 ± = 1.42; 50% female), we used a cross-sectional design to compare performance across athletic expertise (super-elite, elite, amateur, novice or non-athlete) and sport type (external-paced or self-paced). In Study 2 (Time 1 = 106; = 21.32 ± = 5.77; 53% female and Time 2 = 64; = 21.19 ± = 5.12; 44% female), we examined changes in reflection-impulsivity across a 16-week playing season. Study 1 showed more accurate and more efficient performance as athletic expertise increased. Study 2 revealed better effectiveness and efficiency following sport participation, a 16-week playing season, most notably in elite-level performers. No sport-type differences were noted. Taken together, the studies demonstrate an association between reflection-impulsivity and athletic expertise, while also providing evidence that competitive sports participation leads to efficient decisions based on reflection, without sacrificing accuracy, which is often a consequence of impulsive decision-making.
反思冲动性是认知或决策风格的一个维度。我们进行了两项准实验研究，使用信息取样任务来考察运动员的反思冲动性。在研究 1（n=108；=22.7±1.42；50%女性）中，我们采用了横断面设计，比较了不同运动专长（超级精英、精英、业余、新手或非运动员）和运动类型（外部节奏或自我节奏）之间的表现。在研究 2 中（时间 1 n=106；=21.32±5.77；53%女性和时间 2 n=64；=21.19±5.12；44%女性），我们考察了 16 周比赛赛季中反思冲动性的变化。研究 1 表明，随着运动专长的增加，表现出更准确和更有效的信息处理。研究 2 表明，运动参与、16 周比赛赛季后，在基于反思的决策中，效率和效果更好，尤其是在精英水平的运动员中。没有发现运动类型的差异。总之，这些研究表明反思冲动性与运动专长之间存在关联，同时也提供了证据表明，竞技体育参与会导致基于反思的高效决策，而不会牺牲准确性，这通常是冲动决策的结果。
