Terres-Barcala Lara, Albaladejo-Blázquez Natalia, Aparicio-Ugarriza Raquel, Ruiz-Robledillo Nicolás, Zaragoza-Martí Ana, Ferrer-Cascales Rosario
Department of Health Psychology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain.
Imfine Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Mar 9;19(6):3223. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19063223.
It has been demonstrated that athletes in competitive sports suffer from high levels of competitive anxiety, especially in the case of females. In this sense, it is necessary to identify possible risk and protective factors of those athletes in this collective who suffer from this type of anxiety. However, few studies analyze the relationship between Physical Activity (PA) and anxiety, identifying the possible mediation effect of trait variables such as impulsivity and mindfulness in female athletes. Hence, the aims of this study were: to determine differences between PA levels with anxiety, mindfulness, and impulsiveness; to identify the predictive value of sociodemographic factors and physical activity, impulsivity, and mindfulness on anxiety factors; and to analyze the possible mediating effects of mindfulness on the relationship between impulsivity and anxiety. A total of 242 female athletes underwent an assessment of physical activity, anxiety, mindfulness traits, and impulsivity using validated questionnaires. Data were analyzed according to (1) individual or collective sport, and (2) PA levels according to energy expended (METs min/day). Participants were grouped by light, moderate, and vigorous PA levels. There were 30.5% elite athletes and 73.2% collective sports athletes. Mean age was 22.1 years and mean light, moderate, and vigorous PA were 86.1 ± 136.2, 114.4 ± 159.8, and 370.1 ± 336.3 METs min/day, respectively. Those athletes performing vigorous PA exhibited lower levels of impulsiveness and higher mindfulness traits. As expected, the mindfulness trait was a mediating factor in the relationship between impulsiveness and each factor of competitive anxiety (cognitive, somatic, and self-efficacy). Female athletes could suffer competitive anxiety, especially those who present higher levels of impulsivity. However, higher levels of mindfulness traits seem to be a protective factor in the effects of impulsivity on anxiety in this population and have demonstrated to be significant mediators in this association. Further studies are needed with other female athletes to replicate these results and to determine the specific protective mechanisms of mindfulness traits in preventing competitive anxiety.
研究表明，竞技体育运动员承受着高水平的竞争焦虑，女性运动员尤其如此。从这个意义上说，有必要识别出该群体中患有此类焦虑的运动员可能存在的风险因素和保护因素。然而，很少有研究分析体育活动（PA）与焦虑之间的关系，也鲜有研究确定冲动性和正念等特质变量在女性运动员中可能起到的中介作用。因此，本研究的目的是：确定体育活动水平在焦虑、正念和冲动性方面的差异；识别社会人口统计学因素、体育活动、冲动性和正念对焦虑因素的预测价值；分析正念在冲动性与焦虑关系中可能起到的中介作用。共有242名女性运动员使用经过验证的问卷接受了体育活动、焦虑、正念特质和冲动性的评估。数据根据（1）个人或集体运动项目，以及（2）根据能量消耗（METs分钟/天）划分的体育活动水平进行分析。参与者按轻度、中度和剧烈体育活动水平分组。其中精英运动员占30.5%，集体运动项目运动员占73.2%。平均年龄为22.1岁，轻度、中度和剧烈体育活动的平均METs分钟/天分别为86.1±136.2、114.4±159.8和370.1±336.3。进行剧烈体育活动的运动员表现出较低的冲动性和较高的正念特质。正如预期的那样，正念特质是冲动性与竞争焦虑各因素（认知、躯体和自我效能）之间关系的中介因素。女性运动员可能会遭受竞争焦虑，尤其是那些冲动性较高的运动员。然而，较高水平的正念特质似乎是该人群中冲动性对焦虑影响的保护因素，并且已证明在这种关联中是重要的中介因素。需要对其他女性运动员进行进一步研究，以复制这些结果并确定正念特质在预防竞争焦虑方面的具体保护机制。
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