Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
J Parkinsons Dis. 2021;11(1):363-372. doi: 10.3233/JPD-202413.
It is known that music influences gait parameters in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, it remains unclear whether this effect is merely due to temporal aspects of music (rhythm and tempo) or other musical parameters.
To examine the influence of pleasant and unpleasant music on spatiotemporal gait parameters in PD, while controlling for rhythmic aspects of the musical signal.
We measured spatiotemporal gait parameters of 18 patients suffering from mild PD (50%men, mean±SD age of 64±6 years; mean disease duration of 6±5 years; mean Unified PD Rating scale [UPDRS] motor score of 15±7) who listened to eight different pieces of music. Music pieces varied in harmonic consonance/dissonance to create the experience of pleasant/unpleasant feelings. To measure gait parameters, we used an established analysis of spatiotemporal gait, which consists of a walkway containing pressure-receptive sensors (GAITRite®). Repeated measures analyses of variance were used to evaluate effects of auditory stimuli. In addition, linear regression was used to evaluate effects of valence on gait.
Sensory dissonance modulated spatiotemporal and spatial gait parameters, namely velocity and stride length, while temporal gait parameters (cadence, swing duration) were not affected. In contrast, valence in music as perceived by patients was not associated with gait parameters. Motor and musical abilities did not relevantly influence the modulation of gait by auditory stimuli.
Our observations suggest that dissonant music negatively affects particularly spatial gait parameters in PD by yet unknown mechanisms, but putatively through increased cognitive interference reducing attention in auditory cueing.
已知音乐影响帕金森病（PD）患者的步态参数。然而，目前尚不清楚这种影响仅仅是由于音乐的时间方面（节奏和速度）还是其他音乐参数。
在控制音乐信号的节奏方面的前提下，研究愉悦和不愉悦音乐对 PD 患者时空步态参数的影响。
我们测量了 18 名患有轻度 PD 的患者（50%为男性，平均年龄为 64±6 岁；平均疾病持续时间为 6±5 年；平均统一帕金森病评定量表[UPDRS]运动评分 15±7）的时空步态参数，他们听了八首不同的音乐。音乐作品在和声和谐/不和谐方面有所不同，以营造出愉悦/不愉悦的感觉。为了测量步态参数，我们使用了一种经过验证的时空步态分析，该分析由包含压力感应传感器的走道（GAITRite®）组成。使用重复测量方差分析来评估听觉刺激的效果。此外，还使用线性回归来评估效价对步态的影响。
感觉不和谐会调节时空和空间步态参数，即速度和步长，而时间步态参数（步频、摆动持续时间）不受影响。相比之下，患者感知到的音乐的效价与步态参数无关。运动和音乐能力对听觉刺激对步态的调节没有明显影响。
我们的观察结果表明，不和谐的音乐通过未知的机制对 PD 患者的空间步态参数产生负面影响，但可能是通过增加认知干扰降低听觉提示中的注意力。
