Jakimowicz Aleksander
Department of World Economy, Institute of Economics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Palace of Culture and Science, 1 Defilad Sq., 00-901 Warsaw, Poland.
Entropy (Basel). 2020 Apr 16;22(4):452. doi: 10.3390/e22040452.
The aim of this paper is to examine the role of thermodynamics, and in particular, entropy, for the development of economics within the last 150 years. The use of entropy has not only led to a significant increase in economic knowledge, but also to the emergence of such scientific disciplines as econophysics, complexity economics and quantum economics. Nowadays, an interesting phenomenon can be observed; namely, that rapid progress in economics is being made outside the mainstream. The first significant achievement was the emergence of entropy economics in the early 1970s, which introduced the second law of thermodynamics to considerations regarding production processes. In this way, not only was ecological economics born but also an entropy-based econometric approach developed. This paper shows that non-extensive cross-entropy econometrics is a valuable complement to traditional econometrics as it explains phenomena based on power-law probability distribution and enables econometric model estimation for non-ergodic ill-behaved (troublesome) inverse problems. Furthermore, the entropy economics has accelerated the emergence of modern econophysics and complexity economics. These new directions of research have led to many interesting discoveries that usually contradict the claims of conventional economics. Econophysics has questioned the efficient market hypothesis, while complexity economics has shown that markets and economies function best near the edge of chaos. Quantum economics has already appeared on the horizon, which recognizes money as a fundamental measurement device in the economy. The development of these sciences may indicate the need to reformulate all mainstream economics from its foundations.
本文旨在探讨热力学，尤其是熵，在过去150年经济学发展过程中所起的作用。熵的应用不仅极大地丰富了经济知识，还催生了诸如经济物理学、复杂经济学和量子经济学等学科。如今，可以观察到一个有趣的现象：即经济学的快速发展并非发生在主流领域。第一个重大成就是20世纪70年代初熵经济学的出现，它将热力学第二定律引入生产过程的考量之中。由此，不仅生态经济学诞生了，基于熵的计量经济学方法也得以发展。本文表明，非广延交叉熵计量经济学是对传统计量经济学的宝贵补充，因为它基于幂律概率分布解释现象，并能够对非遍历性不良（棘手）反问题进行计量经济模型估计。此外，熵经济学加速了现代经济物理学和复杂经济学的出现。这些新的研究方向带来了许多有趣的发现，这些发现往往与传统经济学的观点相悖。经济物理学对有效市场假说提出了质疑，而复杂经济学则表明市场和经济在混沌边缘附近运行最佳。量子经济学已经初露端倪，它将货币视为经济中的一种基本度量工具。这些学科的发展可能意味着需要从根本上重新构建所有主流经济学。
