Abel Cal
Signal Power and Light, Inc., Cordova, AL 35550, USA.
Entropy (Basel). 2025 Mar 3;27(3):265. doi: 10.3390/e27030265.
The axiomatic framework of quantum game theory gives us a new platform for exploring economics by resolving the foundational problems that have long plagued the expected utility hypothesis. This platform gives us a previously unrecognized tool in economics, the statistical ensemble, which we apply across three distinct economic spheres. We examine choice under uncertainty and find that the Allais paradox disappears. For over seventy years, this paradox has acted as a barrier to investigating human choice by masking actual choice heuristics. We discover a powerful connection between the canonical ensemble and neoclassical economics and demonstrate this connection's predictive capability by examining income distributions in the United States over 24 years. This model is an astonishingly accurate predictor of economic behavior, using just the income distribution and the total exergy input into the economy. Finally, we examine the ideas of equality of outcome versus equality of opportunity. We show how to formally consider equality of outcome as a Bose-Einstein condensate and how its achievement leads to a corresponding collapse in economic activity. We call this new platform 'statistical economics' due to its reliance on statistical ensembles.
量子博弈论的公理框架为探索经济学提供了一个新平台，它解决了长期困扰预期效用假说的基础性问题。这个平台为我们提供了一种经济学中此前未被认识到的工具——统计系综，我们将其应用于三个不同的经济领域。我们研究了不确定性下的选择，发现阿莱悖论消失了。七十多年来，这个悖论一直通过掩盖实际的选择启发式方法，阻碍着对人类选择的研究。我们发现了正则系综与新古典经济学之间的强大联系，并通过研究美国24年来的收入分配情况，证明了这种联系的预测能力。这个模型仅使用收入分配和输入经济的总可用能，就能惊人准确地预测经济行为。最后，我们研究了结果平等与机会平等的概念。我们展示了如何将结果平等正式地视为玻色 - 爱因斯坦凝聚体，以及实现结果平等如何导致经济活动相应的崩溃。由于它依赖于统计系综，我们将这个新平台称为“统计经济学”。
