Hodický Jan, Procházka Dalibor, Jersák Roman, Stodola Petr, Drozd Jan
NATO Headquarters Supreme Allied Commander Transformation, Norfolk, VA 23551, USA.
Centre for Security and Military Strategic Studies, University of Defence, 66210 Brno, Czech Republic.
Entropy (Basel). 2020 Jun 25;22(6):706. doi: 10.3390/e22060706.
At the battalion level, NATO ROLE1 medical treatment command focuses on the provision of primary health care being the very first physician and higher medical equipment intervention for casualty treatments. ROLE1 has paramount importance in casualty reductions, representing a complex system in current operations. This study deals with an experiment on the optimization of ROLE1 according to the key parameters of the numbers of physicians, the number of ambulances and the distance between ROLE1 and the current battlefield. The very first step in this study is to design and implement a model of current battlefield casualties. The model uses friction data generated from an already executed computer assisted exercise (CAX) while employing a constructive simulation to produce offense and defense scenarios on the flow of casualties. The next step in the study is to design and implement a model representing the transportation to ROLE1, its structure and behavior. The deterministic model of ROLE1, employing a system dynamics simulation paradigm, uses the previously generated casualty flows as the inputs representing human decision-making processes through the recorder CAX events. A factorial experimental design for the ROLE1 model revealed the recommended variants of the ROLE1 structure for both offensive and defensive operations. The overall recommendation is for the internal structure of ROLE1 to have three ambulances and three physicians for any kind of current operation and any distance between ROLE1 and the current battlefield within the limit of 20 min. This study provides novelty in the methodology of casualty estimations involving human decision-making factors as well as the optimization of medical treatment processes through experimentation with the process model.
在营级层面，北约一级医疗救治指挥着重于提供初级卫生保健，这是对伤员进行救治时的首批医师和高级医疗设备干预。一级救治在减少伤亡方面至关重要，在当前行动中是一个复杂的系统。本研究针对医师数量、救护车数量以及一级救治点与当前战场之间的距离等关键参数，开展了优化一级救治的实验。本研究的第一步是设计并实施当前战场伤员的模型。该模型使用从已执行的计算机辅助演习（CAX）生成的摩擦数据，同时采用建构性模拟来生成伤亡流动方面的攻防场景。研究的下一步是设计并实施一个代表向一级救治点转运、其结构和行为的模型。一级救治的确定性模型采用系统动力学模拟范式，将先前生成的伤亡流动作为输入，通过记录CAX事件来体现人类决策过程。针对一级救治模型的析因实验设计揭示了进攻和防御行动中一级救治结构的推荐变体。总体建议是，对于任何当前行动以及一级救治点与当前战场之间在20分钟限制内的任何距离，一级救治的内部结构应配备三辆救护车和三名医师。本研究在涉及人类决策因素的伤亡估计方法以及通过过程模型实验优化医疗救治流程方面具有新颖性。
