Air Quality Research Group, Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, United Kingdom.
Air Quality Research Group, Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, United Kingdom.
Environ Pollut. 2021 Jan 15;269:116183. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116183. Epub 2020 Nov 30.
Ambient ozone (O) pollution has become a big issue in China. Recent studies have linked long- and short-term O exposure to several public health risks. In this study, we (1) characterize the long-term and short-term O-attributed health metric in China from 2015 to 2019; (2) estimate the surface O trends; and (3) quantify the long-term and short-term health impacts (i.e. all-cause, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality) in 350 urban Chinese cities. In these 5-years, the national annual average of daily maximum 8 h average (AVGDMA8) O concentrations and warm-season (April-September) 4th highest daily maximum 8 h average (4DMA8) O concentrations increased from 74.0 ± 15.5 μg/m (mean ± standard deviation) to 82.3 ± 12.0 μg/m and 167 ± 37.0 μg/m to 174 ± 30.0 μg/m respectively. During this period, the DMA8 O concentration increased by 1.9 ± 3.3 μg/m/yr across China, with over 70% of the monitoring sites showing a positive upward trend and 19.4% with trends >5 μg/m/yr. The estimated long-term all-cause, cardiovascular and respiratory premature mortalities attributable to AVGDMA8 O exposure in 350 Chinese cities were 181,000 (95% CI: 91,500-352,000), 112,000 (95% CI: 38,100-214,000) and 33,800 (95% CI: 0-71,400) in 2019, showing increases of 52.5%, 52.9% and 54.6% respectively compared to 2015 levels. Similarly, short-term all-cause, cardiovascular and respiratory premature mortalities attributed to ambient 4DMA8 O exposure were 156,000 (95% CI: 85,300-227,000), 73,500 (95% CI: 27,500-119,000) and 28,600 (95% CI: 14,500-42,800) in 2019, increases of 19.6%, 19.8% and 21.2% respectively compared to 2015. The results of this study are important in ascertaining the effectiveness of recent emission control measures and to identify the areas that require urgent attention.
在中国，环境臭氧（O）污染已成为一个大问题。最近的研究表明，长期和短期的 O 暴露与多种公共健康风险有关。在这项研究中，我们（1）描述了 2015 年至 2019 年中国长期和短期 O 归因健康指标；（2）估计了地表 O 趋势；（3）量化了 350 个中国城市的长期和短期健康影响（即全因、心血管和呼吸死亡）。在这 5 年中，全国日最大 8 小时平均（AVGDMA8）O 浓度和暖季（4 月至 9 月）第 4 高日最大 8 小时平均（4DMA8）O 浓度从 74.0±15.5μg/m（平均值±标准差）增加到 82.3±12.0μg/m 和 167±37.0μg/m 增加到 174±30.0μg/m。在此期间，中国各地的 DMA8 O 浓度每年增加 1.9±3.3μg/m/yr，超过 70%的监测站点呈上升趋势，19.4%的站点呈上升趋势>5μg/m/yr。2019 年，350 个中国城市归因于 AVGDMA8 O 暴露的长期全因、心血管和呼吸性过早死亡率估计分别为 181,000（95%CI：91,500-352,000）、112,000（95%CI：38,100-214,000）和 33,800（95%CI：0-71,400），与 2015 年相比，分别增加了 52.5%、52.9%和 54.6%。同样，归因于环境 4DMA8 O 暴露的短期全因、心血管和呼吸性过早死亡率估计分别为 156,000（95%CI：85,300-227,000）、73,500（95%CI：27,500-119,000）和 28,600（95%CI：14,500-42,800），与 2015 年相比，分别增加了 19.6%、19.8%和 21.2%。本研究的结果对于确定最近的排放控制措施的有效性以及确定需要紧急关注的领域非常重要。
