School of Psychology, School of Psychology, William Guild Building, Kings College, University of Aberdeen, Old Aberdeen, AB24 3FX, UK.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2021 Apr;28(2):434-453. doi: 10.3758/s13423-020-01845-1. Epub 2020 Dec 7.
Sense of Agency, the phenomenology associated with causing one's own actions and corresponding effects, is a cornerstone of human experience. Social Agency can be defined as the Sense of Agency experienced in any situation in which the effects of our actions are related to a conspecific. This can be implemented as the other's reactions being caused by our action, joint action modulating our Sense of Agency, or the other's mere social presence influencing our Sense of Agency. It is currently an open question how such Social Agency can be conceptualized and how it relates to its nonsocial variant. This is because, compared with nonsocial Sense of Agency, the concept of Social Agency has remained oversimplified and underresearched, with disparate empirical paradigms yielding divergent results. Reviewing the empirical evidence and the commonalities and differences between different instantiations of Social Agency, we propose that Social Agency can be conceptualized as a continuum, in which the degree of cooperation is the key dimension that determines our Sense of Agency, and how it relates to nonsocial Sense of Agency. Taking this perspective, we review how the different factors that typically influence Sense of Agency affect Social Agency, and in the process highlight outstanding empirical questions within the field. Finally, concepts from wider research areas are discussed in relation to the ecological validity of Social Agency paradigms, and we provide recommendations for future methodology.
主体感是一种与自身行为及其相应效果相关的现象学体验，是人类经验的基石。社会主体感可以被定义为在任何情况下体验到的主体感，在这种情况下，我们行为的后果与同类个体有关。这可以通过以下方式实现：他人的反应是由我们的行为引起的，共同行为调节我们的主体感，或者他人的单纯社会存在影响我们的主体感。目前，一个悬而未决的问题是，如何概念化这种社会主体感，以及它与非社会变体的关系如何。这是因为，与非社会主体感相比，社会主体感的概念仍然过于简单化，研究不足，不同的实证范式产生了不同的结果。通过回顾实证证据以及不同社会主体感实例之间的共性和差异，我们提出社会主体感可以被概念化为一个连续体，其中合作程度是决定我们主体感的关键维度，以及它与非社会主体感的关系。从这个角度出发，我们回顾了通常影响主体感的不同因素如何影响社会主体感，并在此过程中突出了该领域内尚未解决的实证问题。最后，我们讨论了来自更广泛研究领域的概念与社会主体感范式的生态有效性之间的关系，并为未来的方法学提供了建议。
