College of Pharmaceutical Science, Hebei University Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China.
College of Public Health, Hebei University Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China.
Chem Asian J. 2021 Jan 18;16(2):114-128. doi: 10.1002/asia.202001260. Epub 2020 Dec 18.
MicroRNA (miRNA) is an important tumor marker in the human body, and its early detection has a great influence on the survival rate of patients. Although there are many detection methods for miRNA at present such as northern blotting, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, microarrays, and others, electrochemical biosensors have the advantages of low detection cost, small instrument size, simple operation, non-invasive detection and low consumption of reagents and solvents, and thus they play an important role in the early detection of cancer. In addition, with the development of nanotechnology, nano-biosensors show great potential. The application of various nanomaterials in the development of electrochemical biosensor has greatly improved the detection sensitivity of electrochemical biosensor. Among them, carbon nanomaterials which have unique electrical, optical, physical and chemical properties have attracted increasing attention. In particular, they have a large surface area, good biocompatibility and conductivity. Therefore, carbon nanomaterials combined with electrochemical methods can be used to detect miRNA quickly, easily and sensitively. In this review, we systematically review recent applications of different carbon nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes, graphene and its derivatives, graphitic carbon nitride, carbon dots, graphene quantum dots and other carbon nanomaterials) for miRNA electrochemical detection. In addition, we demonstrate the future prospects of electrochemical biosensors modified by carbon nanomaterials for the detection of miRNAs, and some suggestions for their development in the near future.
miRNA（miRNA）是人体内重要的肿瘤标志物，其早期检测对患者的生存率有很大影响。尽管目前有许多 miRNA 的检测方法，如 northern blotting、实时定量聚合酶链反应、微阵列等，但电化学生物传感器具有检测成本低、仪器体积小、操作简单、非侵入性检测以及试剂和溶剂消耗低等优点，因此在癌症的早期检测中发挥着重要作用。此外，随着纳米技术的发展，纳米生物传感器显示出巨大的潜力。各种纳米材料在电化学生物传感器中的应用极大地提高了电化学生物传感器的检测灵敏度。其中，具有独特的电学、光学、物理和化学性质的碳纳米材料引起了越来越多的关注。特别是，它们具有较大的表面积、良好的生物相容性和导电性。因此，碳纳米材料与电化学方法相结合可以用于快速、轻松、灵敏地检测 miRNA。在本综述中，我们系统地综述了不同碳纳米材料（碳纳米管、石墨烯及其衍生物、石墨相氮化碳、碳点、石墨烯量子点等）在 miRNA 电化学检测中的最新应用。此外，我们还展示了碳纳米材料修饰的电化学生物传感器在 miRNA 检测方面的未来前景，并对其在不久的将来的发展提出了一些建议。
