College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China.
Materials Electrochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India.
Curr Med Chem. 2024;31(25):3870-3881. doi: 10.2174/0929867330666230425163520.
Detection of emergent biomolecules or biomarkers remains crucial for early diagnosis in advancing healthcare monitoring and biomedicine. The possibility for rapid detection, real-time monitoring, high sensitivity, low detection limit, good selectivity, and low cost is central, among other significant issues for advancing point-of-care diagnosis. Carbon-based nanocomposites have been employed as sensing materials for various biomarkers due to their high surface-to-volume ratio, high electrical conductivity, chemical stability, and biocompatibility. The carbon nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene (GR), carbon quantum dots (CQDs), carbon fibres (CFs), and their nanocomposites have broadly integrated with numerous sensing electrode materials for the detection of biomarkers under various experimental settings. The present review includes the recent advances in the development of carbon nanomaterials-based electrochemical sensors and biosensors for biomedical applications. The preparation, electrode preparation, effective utilization of carbon-derived nanomaterials, and their sensing performances towards numerous biomarkers have been highlighted. The state-of-the-merit, challenges, and prospects for designing carbon nanocomposites-based electrochemical sensor/biosensor platforms for biomedical diagnostics have also been described.
检测新出现的生物分子或生物标志物对于推进医疗保健监测和生物医学的早期诊断仍然至关重要。在推进即时诊断中，其他重要问题还包括快速检测、实时监测、高灵敏度、低检测限、良好的选择性和低成本的可能性。由于具有高的比表面积-体积比、高导电性、化学稳定性和生物相容性，碳基纳米复合材料已被用作各种生物标志物的传感材料。碳纳米材料，如碳纳米管（CNT）、石墨烯（GR）、碳量子点（CQD）、碳纤维（CF）及其纳米复合材料已广泛与许多传感电极材料集成，用于在各种实验条件下检测生物标志物。本综述包括了在生物医学应用中基于碳纳米材料的电化学传感器和生物传感器的最新进展。强调了碳衍生纳米材料的制备、电极制备、有效利用及其对多种生物标志物的传感性能。还描述了用于生物医学诊断的基于碳纳米复合材料的电化学传感器/生物传感器平台的设计的优点、挑战和前景。
