Monoclonal Antibody Discovery Laboratory, Fondazione Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy; University of Siena, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Siena, Italy.
Monoclonal Antibody Discovery Laboratory, Fondazione Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy.
Curr Opin Immunol. 2020 Aug;65:102-106. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2020.09.003. Epub 2020 Oct 23.
Life expectancy has grown tremendously. This incredible achievement for mankind has been obtained mostly thanks to three pillars: hygiene, antibiotics and vaccines. They represent one of the most effective forms of medical intervention. From Jenner's work to new vaccines, immunization has reduced the consequences of infectious diseases. In the last years antimicrobial resistance (AMR) as well as emerging infectious diseases have been rated as major threats for our society, as their toll is forecasted to drastically impinge on human health and economies. Indeed, recently, the whole world has experienced such problems because of the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of Covid-19. Herein, we propose an excursus through the three main pillars (hygiene, antibiotics and vaccination) that contributed to improving life expectancy, their clinical and economic impact and the role of vaccines to fight AMR-related diseases and emerging infectious diseases like Covid-19.
预期寿命大大延长。人类在这方面取得了令人难以置信的成就，主要得益于三大支柱：卫生、抗生素和疫苗。它们代表了最有效的医疗干预形式之一。从詹纳的工作到新疫苗，免疫接种已经降低了传染病的后果。在过去的几年里，抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）以及新出现的传染病被认为是对我们社会的主要威胁，因为预计它们的影响将严重影响人类健康和经济。事实上，最近，由于新型严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2），即导致 COVID-19 的病原体，全世界都经历了这样的问题。在这里，我们通过对有助于提高预期寿命的三大支柱（卫生、抗生素和疫苗）进行简要回顾，探讨了它们的临床和经济影响，以及疫苗在防治 AMR 相关疾病和 COVID-19 等新出现的传染病方面的作用。
