J Oral Facial Pain Headache. 2020;34(4):353-363. doi: 10.11607/ofph.2641.
To systematically review the literature to assess whether genetic polymorphisms affect orofacial pain sensitivity in healthy individuals and in patients with chronic orofacial pain disorders.
Electronic searches were conducted to identify observational studies and clinical trials investigating the association between genetic polymorphisms and orofacial pain sensitivity in healthy individuals and/or patients with chronic orofacial pain disorders. Searches were carried out in PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases using Medical Subject Headings and free terms.
Seven studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria: four analyzed healthy subjects, two included chronic orofacial pain patients, and one included samples of healthy subjects and patients with neuropathic pain. The results showed that genes associated with mechanical and thermal pain sensitivity were mostly related to opioid, catecholaminergic, inflammatory, and dopaminergic pathways.
Genetic polymorphisms related to opioid, catecholaminergic, inflammatory, and dopaminergic pathways were associated with sensitivity to thermal and pressure stimuli in the orofacial region. Therefore, genetic factors should be taken into account for an accurate interpretation of orofacial pain sensitivity. These results will allow for a better understanding of the etiopathogenesis of chronic pain affecting the orofacial region, and consequently for finding new therapeutic targets.
系统综述文献，评估遗传多态性是否影响健康个体和慢性颌面疼痛障碍患者的颌面疼痛敏感性。
电子检索以确定观察性研究和临床试验，调查健康个体和/或慢性颌面疼痛障碍患者中遗传多态性与颌面疼痛敏感性之间的关联。使用医学主题词和自由词在 PubMed、Embase 和 Scopus 数据库中进行搜索。
有 7 项研究符合入选标准：4 项分析了健康受试者，2 项纳入了慢性颌面疼痛患者，1 项纳入了健康受试者和神经病理性疼痛患者的样本。结果表明，与机械和热痛敏感性相关的基因主要与阿片类、儿茶酚胺能、炎症和多巴胺能途径有关。
与阿片类、儿茶酚胺能、炎症和多巴胺能途径相关的遗传多态性与颌面区域对热和压力刺激的敏感性有关。因此，为了准确解释颌面疼痛敏感性，应考虑遗传因素。这些结果将有助于更好地理解影响颌面区域的慢性疼痛的发病机制，并找到新的治疗靶点。
