Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway.
General Practice Research Unit (AFE), Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Diabet Med. 2021 Jun;38(6):e14493. doi: 10.1111/dme.14493. Epub 2020 Dec 23.
Immigrant women are at higher risk for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) than non-immigrant women. This study described the prevalence of GDM in immigrant women by maternal country of birth and examined the associations between immigrants' length of residence in Norway and GDM.
This Norwegian national population-based study included 192,892 pregnancies to immigrant and 1,116,954 pregnancies to non-immigrant women giving birth during the period 1990-2013. Associations were reported as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using logistic regression models, adjusted for year of delivery, maternal age, marital status, health region, parity, education and income.
The prevalence and adjusted OR [CI] for GDM were substantially higher in immigrant women from Bangladesh (7.4%, OR 8.38 [5.41, 12.97]), Sri Lanka (6.3%, OR 7.60 [6.71, 8.60]), Pakistan (4.3%, OR 5.47 [4.90, 6.11]), India (4.4%, OR 5.18 [4.30, 6.24]) and Morocco (4.3%, OR 4.35 [3.63, 5.20]) compared to non-immigrants (prevalence 0.8%). Overall, GDM prevalence increased from 1.3% (OR 1.25 [1.14, 1.36]) to 3.3% (OR 2.55 [2.39, 2.71]) after 9 years of residence in immigrants compared to non-immigrant women. This association was particularly strong for women from South Asia.
Gestational diabetes mellitus prevalence varied substantially between countries of maternal birth and was particularly high in immigrants from Asian countries. GDM appeared to increase with longer length of residence in certain immigrant groups.
与非移民女性相比，移民女性患妊娠糖尿病（GDM）的风险更高。本研究通过产妇的出生国描述了移民女性的 GDM 患病率，并研究了移民在挪威的居住时间与 GDM 之间的关系。
这项挪威全国性的基于人群的研究包括 192892 例移民孕妇和 1116954 例非移民孕妇的妊娠情况，她们的分娩时间在 1990 年至 2013 年之间。使用逻辑回归模型，通过分娩年份、产妇年龄、婚姻状况、健康地区、产次、教育程度和收入进行调整，以比值比（OR）和 95%置信区间（CI）报告关联。
来自孟加拉国（7.4%，OR 8.38 [5.41, 12.97]）、斯里兰卡（6.3%，OR 7.60 [6.71, 8.60]）、巴基斯坦（4.3%，OR 5.47 [4.90, 6.11]）、印度（4.4%，OR 5.18 [4.30, 6.24]）和摩洛哥（4.3%，OR 4.35 [3.63, 5.20]）的移民妇女的 GDM 患病率和调整后的 OR [CI] 明显高于非移民妇女（患病率为 0.8%）。总体而言，与非移民妇女相比，移民妇女的 GDM 患病率从居住 9 年后的 1.3%（OR 1.25 [1.14, 1.36]）增加到 3.3%（OR 2.55 [2.39, 2.71]）。这种关联在南亚移民妇女中尤为明显。
妊娠糖尿病的患病率在产妇出生国之间存在很大差异，来自亚洲国家的移民患病率特别高。在某些移民群体中，GDM 似乎随着居住时间的延长而增加。
