Nishino Kimihiro, Inthaphatha Souphalak, Yamamoto Eiko
Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
SSM Popul Health. 2023 Jun 7;23:101447. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101447. eCollection 2023 Sep.
Japan has not implemented policy of accepting many migrants, and the proportion of migrants in the total population is much smaller than that in other economically developed countries. Therefore, issues regarding the health status of migrants, especially migrant mothers and their children, have not been discussed enthusiastically in Japan. In the present study, we aimed to describe the epidemiology (time trend of the number, areal distribution, and frequency of maternal nationality of newborn births) of live births by migrant mothers in Japan, which contributes to the administration of medical policies on the perinatal care of migrant mothers. This study used data from the vital statistics reported by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) of Japan and from foreign resident statistics reported by Immigration Services Agency (ISA) of Japan. To show areal inequality in the number of live births by migrant mothers, we applied the Gini coefficient. This study demonstrated that the number of live births by migrant mothers increased from 16,154 (1.31% of the total) in 1990 to 26,517 (3.08%) in 2020. It also showed stronger areal inequality at prefecture level by Japanese mothers (Gini coefficient; 0.64 vs 0.46 in 2020), and this areal inequality has increased during the last decade. This study also illustrated that the frequency of maternal nationality of newborns from migrant mothers has been altered in the last decade, especially in the composition of Asian countries. In conclusion, the number of live births by migrant mothers in Japan has been progressively increasing; however, this trend is excessively concentrated in specific areas in Japan. These tendencies are expected to become more prominent in the future, and their possible impacts on medical institutions and administrative agencies in specific areas that treat migrant mothers should be investigated and discussed.
日本没有实施接纳大量移民的政策，移民在总人口中的比例远低于其他经济发达国家。因此，在日本，有关移民尤其是移民母亲及其子女健康状况的问题并未得到热烈讨论。在本研究中，我们旨在描述日本移民母亲的活产流行病学情况（活产数量的时间趋势、地区分布以及新生儿母亲国籍的频率），这有助于制定针对移民母亲围产期护理的医疗政策。本研究使用了日本厚生劳动省（MHLW）报告的人口动态统计数据以及日本移民局（ISA）报告的外国居民统计数据。为了显示移民母亲活产数量的地区不平等情况，我们应用了基尼系数。本研究表明，移民母亲的活产数量从1990年的16,154例（占总数的1.31%）增加到了2020年的26,517例（占3.08%）。研究还显示，日本母亲在县级层面存在更强的地区不平等（基尼系数；2020年为0.64，而之前为0.46），并且这种地区不平等在过去十年中有所增加。本研究还表明，在过去十年中，移民母亲所生新生儿母亲的国籍频率发生了变化，尤其是在亚洲国家的构成方面。总之，日本移民母亲所生的活产数量一直在逐步增加；然而这种趋势过度集中在日本的特定地区。预计这些趋势在未来将变得更加突出，应该对其可能对特定地区接待移民母亲的医疗机构和行政机构产生影响进行调查和讨论。
