Walker J B, Olwage A
Veterinary Research Institute, Onderstepoort.
Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 1987 Sep;54(3):353-79.
Twelve species of Amblyomma are presently known to be capable of transmitting Cowdria ruminantium. Of these A. variegatum is the most important and widely distributed vector in Africa. It has also extended its range considerably outside this continent, eastward to the Yemen Arab Republic and to the islands of Madagascar, Réunion and Mauritius, and westward to the Cape Verde islands and to some of the West Indian islands. A. hebraeum is probably the only field vector in most parts of southern Africa. A 3rd species, A. lepidum, is known to have been involved in field outbreaks of heartwater in the Sudan. Two other species are also currently regarded as field vectors of Cowdria: A. astrion on the islands of São Tomé and Principe, and A. pomposum in Angola. Another 5 African species (A. cohaerens, A. gemma, A. tholloni, A. sparsum and A. marmoreum) have proved to be capable of transmitting heartwater in the laboratory, as have 2 American species (A. maculatum and A. cajennense), but none of these ticks have been implicated in field outbreaks of the disease.
目前已知有12种钝缘蜱能够传播反刍兽考德里氏体。其中，变异钝缘蜱是非洲最重要且分布最广的传播媒介。它在非洲大陆以外的分布范围也大幅扩展，向东延伸至阿拉伯也门共和国以及马达加斯加岛、留尼汪岛和毛里求斯岛，向西延伸至佛得角群岛和一些西印度群岛。希伯来钝缘蜱可能是南部非洲大部分地区唯一的野外传播媒介。已知第三种蜱，即鳞钝缘蜱，曾在苏丹引发野外心水病疫情。另外两种蜱目前也被视为反刍兽考德里氏体的野外传播媒介：圣多美和普林西比岛上的星状钝缘蜱，以及安哥拉的华丽钝缘蜱。另外5种非洲蜱（紧密钝缘蜱、宝石钝缘蜱、托氏钝缘蜱、稀疏钝缘蜱和大理石钝缘蜱）已被证明在实验室中能够传播心水病，2种美洲蜱（黄斑钝缘蜱和卡延钝缘蜱）也是如此，但这些蜱均未与该病的野外疫情相关联。
