坦桑尼亚东部看似健康的绵羊和山羊中反刍兽埃立克体和伯氏考克斯氏体的分子检测
Molecular detection of Ehrlichia ruminantium and Coxiella burnetii among apparently healthy sheep and goats in eastern Tanzania.
作者信息
Haji Isihaka, Simuunza Martin
机构信息
Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3019, Morogoro, Tanzania.
Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P. O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia.
出版信息
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2025 Apr 28;57(4):193. doi: 10.1007/s11250-025-04454-z.
Heartwater and Coxiellosis caused by Ehrlichia ruminantium and Coxiella burnetii, respectively are among the common tick-borne diseases (TBDs) of small ruminants in many regions of the world. Coxiella burnetii is also zoonotic, presenting a concern for public health. Despite their economic importance in the livestock sector in Sub-Saharan Africa, little attention has been given to these pathogens of sheep and goats. This cross-sectional study aimed at establishing the infection rates of Coxiella burnetii and Ehrlichia ruminantium in clinically healthy sheep and goats from Chalinze and Muheza districts in Tanzania. The PCR results revealed that of 223 animals sampled, (31.8%, n = 71) were positive for at least one pathogen. The most frequently observed pathogen was C. burnetii (16.1%, n = 36), followed by E. ruminantium (12.6%, n = 28) and their co-infections (3.1%, n = 7). The prevalence of these TBPs differed significantly (p = 0.020) among sheep (27.9%, n = 17) and goats (34.1%, n = 57). The prevalence of C. burnetii was (11.5%, n = 7) in sheep and (17.9%, n = 29) in goats. On the other hand, the prevalence of E. ruminantium was (9.8%, n = 6) for sheep and (13.2%, n = 22) for goats. The co-infection of C. burnetii and E. ruminantium differed significantly (p < 0.001) among small ruminants. Only the prevalence of C. burnetii increased significantly (p = 0.038) with increasing age. The observation of DNAs of TBPs in apparently healthy sheep/goats suggests that these animals have either established a state of enzootic stability against the pathogen or infection was by non-pathogenic variants of the pathogen. Such animals continuously act as sources of infection for ticks and other hosts, including humans, hence facilitating the transmission and maintenance of the pathogen in an area. It is thus essential to continue monitoring these pathogens regardless of the clinical status of the small ruminants.
反刍动物埃立克体和伯氏考克斯体分别引起的心水病和Q热，是世界许多地区小型反刍动物常见的蜱传疾病（TBDs）。伯氏考克斯体也是人畜共患病原体，对公共卫生构成威胁。尽管它们在撒哈拉以南非洲的畜牧业中具有经济重要性，但对绵羊和山羊的这些病原体却很少受到关注。这项横断面研究旨在确定坦桑尼亚查林泽和穆赫扎地区临床健康绵羊和山羊中伯氏考克斯体和反刍动物埃立克体的感染率。聚合酶链反应（PCR）结果显示，在223只采样动物中，（31.8%，n = 71）至少对一种病原体呈阳性。最常观察到的病原体是伯氏考克斯体（16.1%，n = 36），其次是反刍动物埃立克体（12.6%，n = 28）及其合并感染（3.1%，n = 7）。这些蜱传病原体的患病率在绵羊（27.9%，n = 17）和山羊（34.1%，n = 57）之间存在显著差异（p = 0.020）。伯氏考克斯体的患病率在绵羊中为（11.5%，n = 7），在山羊中为（17.9%，n = 29）。另一方面，反刍动物埃立克体的患病率在绵羊中为（9.8%，n = 6），在山羊中为（13.2%，n = 22）。伯氏考克斯体和反刍动物埃立克体的合并感染在小型反刍动物中存在显著差异（p < 0.001）。只有伯氏考克斯体的患病率随着年龄的增长而显著增加（p = 0.038）。在看似健康的绵羊/山羊中观察到蜱传病原体的DNA，表明这些动物要么已经建立了对病原体的地方病稳定状态，要么感染的是病原体的非致病性变体。这些动物持续充当蜱虫和其他宿主（包括人类）的感染源，从而促进病原体在一个地区的传播和维持。因此，无论小型反刍动物的临床状况如何，继续监测这些病原体至关重要。
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