Paul Ronak, Singh Abhishek
Department of Public Health and Mortality Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, 400088, India.
SSM Popul Health. 2020 Nov 12;12:100693. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100693. eCollection 2020 Dec.
Early childhood adversities are known to impair the development potential of children, however, there is limited evidence for the same in the Indian context. This study provides evidence of the effect of relevant biological and social risk factors during early childhood on the physical, cognitive and language development of Indian children. Panel data from two rounds of the India Human Development Survey (IHDS) was used to examine these associations among the Indian children. Using multivariable ordered logistic regression models, our study examined the association between the risk factors and the four indicators of development potential - stunting status, mathematical skill, reading skill, and writing skill. The results show that malnutrition and hostile community environment during early childhood impairs the physical development of children. The results also reveal that malnutrition, indoor air pollution, poor household sanitation condition, hostile community environment, lack of education among household adults, domestic violence on women in the community, and lack of autonomy among women in the household are the major biological and social risk factors that affect the cognitive and language development of Indian children.
众所周知，幼儿期逆境会损害儿童的发展潜力，然而，在印度背景下，这方面的证据有限。本研究提供了幼儿期相关生物和社会风险因素对印度儿童身体、认知和语言发展影响的证据。两轮印度人类发展调查（IHDS）的面板数据用于检验印度儿童中的这些关联。使用多变量有序逻辑回归模型，我们的研究考察了风险因素与发展潜力的四个指标——发育迟缓状况、数学技能、阅读技能和写作技能之间的关联。结果表明，幼儿期的营养不良和恶劣社区环境会损害儿童的身体发育。结果还显示，营养不良、室内空气污染、家庭卫生条件差、恶劣社区环境、家庭成年人缺乏教育、社区中对妇女的家庭暴力以及家庭中妇女缺乏自主权是影响印度儿童认知和语言发展的主要生物和社会风险因素。
