Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, University College London, UK.
Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, University College London, UK.
Environ Res. 2018 Feb;161:321-328. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.11.026. Epub 2017 Nov 25.
This study examined outdoor and indoor air quality at ages 9 months and 3 years and their association with cognitive ability at age 3 in England and Wales.
Data from 8198 Millennium Cohort Study children were analysed using multilevel regression. Outdoor air quality was assessed with mean annual estimates of nitrogen dioxide (NO) levels within a standard small area (ward). Indoor air quality was measured with parent-reports of damp or condensation in the home and exposure to secondhand smoke in the home. Cognitive ability was assessed with the British Ability Scales Naming Vocabulary subscale and the Bracken School Readiness Assessment.
In adjusted models, consistent exposure to high levels of NO at age 9 months and age 3 years was associated with lower verbal ability at age 3 years. Damp/condensation and secondhand smoke in the home at either age or at both ages were correlated with lower school readiness at age 3 years. Exposures to damp/condensation at age 3 years or at both ages and secondhand smoke at either age or at both ages were associated with lower verbal ability at age 3 years.
Young children's exposures to indoor damp or condensation and secondhand smoke are likely to be detrimental for their cognitive outcomes. However, there do not appear to be any short-term effects of NO.
本研究调查了英格兰和威尔士儿童在 9 个月和 3 岁时的室外和室内空气质量及其与 3 岁时认知能力的关系。
使用多层次回归分析了 8198 名千禧年队列研究儿童的数据。室外空气质量通过标准小区域（行政区）内的二氧化氮（NO）水平的年均估计值进行评估。室内空气质量通过父母报告家中潮湿或冷凝以及家中二手烟暴露情况进行测量。认知能力通过英国能力量表命名词汇分量表和 Bracken 学校准备评估进行评估。
在调整后的模型中，9 个月和 3 岁时持续暴露于高水平的 NO 与 3 岁时的语言能力较低相关。家中在任何年龄或两个年龄均存在潮湿/冷凝和二手烟与 3 岁时的学校准备程度较低相关。在 3 岁时或两个年龄均存在潮湿/冷凝暴露以及在任何年龄或两个年龄均存在二手烟暴露与 3 岁时的语言能力较低相关。
幼儿接触室内潮湿或冷凝和二手烟可能对其认知结果有害。然而，NO 似乎没有任何短期影响。
