Li Zhengwei, Du Tianming, Ruan Changshun, Niu Xufeng
Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
Research Center for Human Tissue and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
Bioact Mater. 2020 Nov 16;6(5):1491-1511. doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.11.004. eCollection 2021 May.
Successful regeneration of large segmental bone defects remains a major challenge in clinical orthopedics, thus it is of important significance to fabricate a suitable alternative material to stimulate bone regeneration. Due to their excellent biocompatibility, sufficient mechanical strength, and similar structure and composition of natural bone, the mineralized collagen scaffolds (MCSs) have been increasingly used as bone substitutes via tissue engineering approaches. Herein, we thoroughly summarize the state of the art of MCSs as tissue-engineered scaffolds for acceleration of bone repair, including their fabrication methods, critical factors for osteogenesis regulation, current opportunities and challenges in the future. First, the current fabrication methods for MCSs, mainly including direct mineral composite, in-situ mineralization and 3D printing techniques, have been proposed to improve their biomimetic physical structures in this review. Meanwhile, three aspects of physical (mechanics and morphology), biological (cells and growth factors) and chemical (composition and cross-linking) cues are described as the critical factors for regulating the osteogenic feature of MCSs. Finally, the opportunities and challenges associated with MCSs as bone tissue-engineered scaffolds are also discussed to point out the future directions for building the next generation of MCSs that should be endowed with satisfactorily mimetic structures and appropriately biological characters for bone regeneration.
在临床骨科中，大段骨缺损的成功再生仍然是一项重大挑战，因此制造合适的替代材料以刺激骨再生具有重要意义。由于矿化胶原支架（MCSs）具有优异的生物相容性、足够的机械强度以及与天然骨相似的结构和组成，它们已越来越多地通过组织工程方法用作骨替代物。在此，我们全面总结了MCSs作为加速骨修复的组织工程支架的最新进展，包括其制造方法、成骨调节的关键因素、当前的机遇以及未来的挑战。首先，本综述提出了目前MCSs的制造方法，主要包括直接矿物复合、原位矿化和3D打印技术，以改善其仿生物理结构。同时，物理（力学和形态）、生物（细胞和生长因子）和化学（组成和交联）线索这三个方面被描述为调节MCSs成骨特性的关键因素。最后，还讨论了与MCSs作为骨组织工程支架相关的机遇和挑战，以指出构建下一代MCSs的未来方向，下一代MCSs应具有令人满意的模拟结构和适用于骨再生的生物学特性。
